Anthropology. Socio-cultural aspects of anthropogenesis (the most important)

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Anthropology. Socio-cultural aspects of anthropogenesis (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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27. SOCIO-CULTUROLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ANTHROPOGENESIS

In the wide context synonymous with the word "culture" is "civilization". AT narrow sense of the word, this term refers to artistic, spiritual culture. In a sociological context, it is a way of life, thoughts, actions, a system of values and norms that is characteristic of a given society, a person. Culture unites people in integrity, society.

It is culture that regulates the behavior of people in society. Cultural norms regulate the conditions for satisfying human inclinations and motives that are harmful to society - aggressive inclinations, for example, are used in sports.

Some cultural norms that affect the vital interests of a social group, society, become moral norms. The entire social experience of mankind convinces us that moral norms are not invented, not established, but arise gradually from the daily life and social practice of people.

Culture as a phenomenon of consciousness is also a way, a method of value-based development of reality. The vigorous activity of a person, society to meet their needs requires a certain position. We must take into account the interests of other people and other communities, without this there is no conscious social action. This is a certain position of a person, a community, which is monitored in relation to the world, in the assessment of real phenomena, and is expressed in the mental mentality.

The foundation of culture is language. People, mastering the world around them, fix it in certain concepts and come to an agreement that a certain combination of sounds is given a certain meaning. Only a person is able to use symbols with the help of which he communicates, exchanges not only simple feelings, but also complex ideas and thoughts.

The functioning of culture as a social phenomenon has two main trends: development (modernization) and preservation (sustainability, continuity). The integrity of culture is ensured by social selection, social selection. Any culture retains only what corresponds to its logic, mentality. New cultural acquisitions - both their own and those of others - national culture always strives to give a national flavor. Culture actively resists alien elements. Relatively painlessly updating the peripheral, secondary elements, the culture shows a strong reaction of rejection when it comes to its core.

Any culture is capable of self-development. This explains the diversity of national cultures, national identity.

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