Anthropology. Anthropology in Russia (the most important)

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Anthropology. Anthropology in Russia (the most important)

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2. ANTHROPOLOGY IN RUSSIA

Anthropology in Russia has become a biological science about the structure of the human body, about the diversity of its forms.

The official year of the "birth" of anthropology in Russia is 1864, when, on the initiative of the first Russian anthropologist A. Bogdanova (1834-1896) the Anthropological Department of the Society of Natural Science Lovers was organized (later renamed the Society of Natural Science, Anthropology and Ethnography Lovers - OLEAE).

Background Anthropological research in Russia is associated with the names of V. Tatishchev, G. Miller and other participants and leaders of various expeditions (to Siberia, to the north, Alaska, etc.), accumulating anthropological characteristics of various peoples of the Russian Empire during the XNUMXth-XNUMXth centuries.

One of the greatest natural scientists of the 1792th century, the founder of modern embryology, an outstanding geographer and traveler, K. Baer (1876-1822) is also known as one of the greatest anthropologists of his time, as an organizer of anthropological and ethnographic research in Russia. In his work "On the Origin and Distribution of Human Tribes" (XNUMX), a view is developed about the origin of mankind from a common "root", that the differences between human races developed after their settlement from a common center, under the influence of various natural conditions in their habitats. .

The works of N. Miklukho-Maclay (1846-1888) are of great importance. Being a zoologist by profession, he glorified Russian science not so much with his work in this area as with his research on the ethnography and anthropology of the peoples of New Guinea and other regions of the South Pacific.

The development of Russian anthropology in the 60s-70s. XNUMXth century called the "Bogdanov period". Professor of Moscow University A. Bogdanov was the initiator and organizer of the Society of Natural Science Lovers.

The most important task of the Society was to promote the development of natural science and the dissemination of natural history knowledge. The work program of the Anthropological Department included anthropological, ethnographic and archaeological research, which reflected the views of that time on anthropology as a complex science of the physical type of a person and his culture.

D. Anuchin made a great contribution to the development of Russian anthropology.

D. Anuchin's first major work (1874) was devoted to anthropomorphic apes and was a very valuable summary of the comparative anatomy of higher apes. A characteristic feature of all the activities of D. Anuchin was the desire to popularize science, while maintaining all the accuracy and rigor of scientific research. The beginning of the "Soviet period" of Russian anthropology is also associated with the activities of D. Anuchin.

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