Anthropology. Constitutional schemes of E. Kretschmer and V. Bunak (the most important)

Free technical library

Lecture notes, cheat sheets
Free library / Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Anthropology. Constitutional schemes of E. Kretschmer and V. Bunak (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Comments on the article

Table of contents (expand)

12. CONSTITUTIONAL SCHEMES OF E. KRETSCHMER AND V. BUNAK

E. Kretschmer believed that heredity is the only source of morphological diversity.

It should be noted that his views were the basis for the creation of most of the later classifications. The types distinguished by him under other names can be recognized in many schemes, even if the principles of their construction are different. Obviously, this is a consequence of the reflection of the real diversity of people, noted by E. Kretschmer in the form of discrete types. However, this scheme is not without drawbacks: it has a specific practical purpose - a preliminary diagnosis of mental pathologies. E. Kretschmer identified three main constitutional types: leptosomal (or asthenic), pyknic and athletic.

Similar, but devoid of many of the shortcomings of the previous scheme, is the somatotypological classification developed by V. Bunak in 1941.

Its fundamental difference from the scheme of E. Kretschmer is a strict definition of the degree of importance of constitutional features. The scheme is built on two coordinates of physique - the degree of development of fat deposition and the degree of development of muscles. Additional features are the shape of the chest, abdominal region and back. V. Bunak's scheme is intended to determine the normal constitution only in adult men and is not applicable to women; body length, bone component, as well as anthropological features of the head are not taken into account in it.

The combination of two coordinates allows us to consider three main and four intermediate body types. Intermediate options combine the features of the main types. They were singled out by V. Bunak, since in practice the severity of the features underlying the scheme is very often not quite distinct and features of different types are often combined with each other. The author singled out two more body types as indefinite, although, in fact, they are also intermediate.

<< Back: Constitutional anthropology: basic concepts

>> Forward: The constitutional scheme of V. Deryabin

We recommend interesting articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets:

▪ Normal human anatomy. Crib

▪ Insurance law. Crib

▪ Internal illnesses. Lecture notes

See other articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven 09.05.2024

Quantum mechanics continues to amaze us with its mysterious phenomena and unexpected discoveries. Recently, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lamy from the University of Amsterdam presented a new discovery that concerns quantum entanglement and its relation to entropy. Quantum entanglement plays an important role in modern quantum information science and technology. However, the complexity of its structure makes understanding and managing it challenging. Regulus and Lamy's discovery shows that quantum entanglement follows an entropy rule similar to that for classical systems. This discovery opens new perspectives in the field of quantum information science and technology, deepening our understanding of quantum entanglement and its connection to thermodynamics. The results of the study indicate the possibility of reversibility of entanglement transformations, which could greatly simplify their use in various quantum technologies. Opening a new rule ... >>

Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5 09.05.2024

Summer is a time for relaxation and travel, but often the heat can turn this time into an unbearable torment. Meet a new product from Sony - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-air conditioner, which promises to make summer more comfortable for its users. Sony has introduced a unique device - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-conditioner, which provides body cooling on hot days. With it, users can enjoy coolness anytime, anywhere by simply wearing it around their neck. This mini air conditioner is equipped with automatic adjustment of operating modes, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. Thanks to innovative technologies, Reon Pocket 5 adjusts its operation depending on the user's activity and environmental conditions. Users can easily adjust the temperature using a dedicated mobile app connected via Bluetooth. Additionally, specially designed T-shirts and shorts are available for convenience, to which a mini air conditioner can be attached. The device can oh ... >>

Energy from space for Starship 08.05.2024

Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Soil water 03.07.2003

The German company "Zeltek" proposed a device, ingenious in its simplicity, for evaporating pure water from the soil.

This is a large cone made of transparent polymer, without a bottom, but with an annular groove along the perimeter of the base (the edge of the base is bent inward). The cone is placed on the ground, and the rays of the sun drive water out of the ground. Water, evaporating under the cone, as in a greenhouse, settles on the walls and flows into the receiving groove.

In a day, even in the desert, you can get up to one and a half liters of the purest water - although the sand of the desert is drier than ordinary soil, but the sun is hotter there. You can put the cone in a dirty puddle, or even in calm weather let it swim near the shore in shallow sea water - and get clean distilled water.

The invention was awarded the prize of the World Forum on Drinking Water Problems, held in the spring in Tokyo.

Other interesting news:

▪ Virtual keyboard on beams of light

▪ Obesity and diabetes

▪ Plant Based Chicken by KFC

▪ On the benefits of family scandals

▪ Horizontal wind turbine

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ site section Computer devices. Article selection

▪ article Muse of revenge and sorrow. Popular expression

▪ article What determines the value of diamonds? Detailed answer

▪ article System programmer. Job description

▪ article On the question of the gain of VHF antennas. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article SOS - network outage signaling device. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews