Anthropology. Race studies (most important)

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Anthropology. Race studies (most important)

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18. DISCONNECTION

Under the term "race" refers to a system of human populations characterized by similarities in a set of certain hereditary biological traits (racial traits). It is important to emphasize that in the process of their emergence, these populations are associated with a certain geographical area and natural environment.

Race is a purely biological concept, as are the signs themselves, according to which racial classification is carried out.

Classic racial evidence include appearance features - the color and shape of the eyes, lips, nose, hair, skin color, the structure of the face as a whole, the shape of the head. People recognize each other mainly by facial features, which are also the most important racial features. As auxiliary signs of body structure are used - height, weight, physique, proportions. However, the signs of the structure of the body are much more variable within any group than the signs of the structure of the head and, moreover, often strongly depend on environmental conditions - both natural and artificial, and therefore cannot be used in racial science as an independent source.

The most important properties of racial traits:

▪ signs of physical structure;

▪ traits that are inherited;

▪ characters, the severity of which during ontogenesis depends little on environmental factors;

▪ signs associated with a specific habitat - distribution zone;

▪ characteristics that distinguish one territorial group of a person from another.

The unification of people on the basis of a common self-consciousness, self-determination is called ethnos (ethnic group). It is also produced on the basis of language, culture, traditions, religion, economic and cultural type.

Determining their belonging to a particular group, people talk about nationality. One of the simplest forms of social ethnic organization of people is a tribe. A higher level of social organization is called nationalities (or people), which unite into nations. Representatives of one tribe or other small ethnic group usually belong to the same anthropological type, since they are relatives to one degree or another. Representatives of one people can already differ markedly anthropologically, at the level of different small races, although, as a rule, within the same large race.

A nation unites people already absolutely regardless of their race, since it includes different peoples.

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