Anthropology. Constitutional features (most important)

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Anthropology. Constitutional features (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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33. CONSTITUTIONAL FEATURES

Constitutional signs are divided into three main groups: morphological, physiological and psychological signs.

Morphological traits are used to determine body types. Their inheritance has probably been studied the most. As it turns out, they are most closely associated with a hereditary factor compared to the other two groups. However, the mode of inheritance of most of these traits is not precisely known, since these traits depend not on one, but on many genes.

Of all the constitutional characteristics, the least genetically determined are the parameters associated with the development of the fat component. Of course, the accumulation of subcutaneous fat occurs not only in conditions of excess high-calorie food, but the tendency of this connection between the level of nutrition and fat deposition is so obvious that it is rather a pattern. But the availability of food and genetics are two different things.

Physiological the characters are apparently somewhat less determined genetically than morphologically. Due to the huge qualitative diversity of signs combined as physiological, it is difficult to talk about them in general. Obviously, some of them are inherited using a single gene, while others are characterized by polygenic inheritance. Some depend little on the environment and heredity will play a significant role in their manifestation. Others, for example, heart rate, depend strongly on environmental conditions, and the heredity factor will rather play the role of a determining probabilistic force. Using the example of heartbeat, this would mean that with a certain heredity, a person will be predisposed to rapid heartbeat, say, in a tense situation. Another person under these conditions will be less prone to heart palpitations. And in what conditions a person lives and in what situations he finds himself, of course, does not depend on heredity.

The dependence of the psyche on the genetic factor is assessed at three different levels:

▪ basic neurodynamic level - nerve stimulation at the cellular level - is a direct derivative of the morphology and physiology of the nervous system. It certainly depends on genetics to the greatest extent;

▪ psychodynamic level - properties of temperament - is a reflection of the activity of the forces of excitation and inhibition in the nervous system. It already depends more on environmental factors (in the broad sense of the word);

▪ proper psychological level - features of perception, intelligence, motivation, nature of relationships, etc. - depends to the greatest extent on upbringing, living conditions, and the attitude of the people around him towards a person.

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