Who made the first needle? Detailed answer

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Who made the first needle? Detailed answer

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Who made the first needle?

A needle is a very small tool, pointed at one end, with a hole in the other, which serves to thread a thread through it. Man invented the needle so long ago that we can't even tell when it was invented.

We know that the first needles were made of bone, ivory, bronze or horn. Some of them were more like an awl used by shoemakers, since they did not have a hole. They were used to make holes in various materials. Well-finished needles made of fish and bird bones have been found among the objects of the Stone Age. For thousands of years, eyed bone needles were used by more advanced peoples.

Even needles made of stone have been found in the ancient Egyptian ruins. The Romans were familiar with bronze and iron needles. Many well-made needles have been found during the excavations of Pompeii. Steel needles, similar to modern ones, were first made, it is believed, by the Chinese. They were brought to Europe by the Moors in the Middle Ages. The first steel needles in Europe were made in the German city of Nuremberg in the XNUMXth century.

During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, the German Elias Grose taught the English how to make steel needles. It is now an important industry in England, which, along with France, is the main producer of needles. Although the manufacture of sewing needles is well mechanized, their manufacture is still a complex procedure. In total, during the manufacturing process, the needle passes through the hands of more than 20 people!

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

What is a radio telescope?

The world's first telescope was made by the Dutch optician Hans Lipperthey. However, even before him, starting from the 33th century, various scientists experimented with magnifying lenses. The invention of Lippertheus, who lived in extreme poverty, went unnoticed, and the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei, who designed his first telescope a year later, began to be considered the creator of this device. It was a very crude and primitive device: the most powerful of Galileo's telescopes gave only XNUMXx magnification, and besides, a very small area of \uXNUMXb\uXNUMXbthe sky (the size of a quarter of the moon) could be observed through it.

Nevertheless, with his help, Galileo managed to make outstanding discoveries: he was the first to discover the rings of Saturn, the four satellites of Jupiter, and made out the mountains and craters on the Moon. Nowadays, the principle that Galileo based his invention is used in theatrical binoculars, since they do not require either high magnification or a wide field of view. However, the telescopes themselves have undergone an extraordinary transformation since the days of Galileo. With the advent of the age of electronics, it became possible to create a fundamentally new device - a radio telescope.

The first radio telescope was built shortly after the end of World War II and has been constantly improved since then. This device is like a giant eye that "sees" the radio waves emitted by the stars, just as our eyes see the light waves emitted from them.

The mirror of the telescope is a huge saucer-shaped reflector of radio waves many meters in diameter. Its great advantage over an ordinary telescope is that it can detect stars and galaxies that emit very little or no light at all and therefore cannot be detected with even the most advanced optical instruments.

A radio telescope can also penetrate the gas or cosmic dust that fills vast expanses of space. In addition, it can be used in any weather, as radio waves easily pass through clouds in the Earth's atmosphere. One of the largest radio telescopes in the world with a diameter of 300 m was built in Puerto Rico in the crater of an extinct volcano by an American scientist.

A very peculiar radio telescope, consisting of fixed elements located along a circle with a diameter of 600 m, was installed in 1976 in the USSR in the North Caucasus.

Test your knowledge! Did you know...

▪ What astronomical discovery of the XNUMXth century was classified?

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The structure of pentaquarks has been studied 16.06.2019

Exotic subatomic particles called pentaquarks contain five smaller particles - quarks and antiquarks. But these particles are not just an accumulation of five components. Pentaquarks are molecular-like agglomerations of a pair of smaller particles, one of which consists of three quarks, and the other of a quark and an antiquark.

First discovered in 2015 at the Large Hadron Collider in Geneva, pentaquarks were unlike anything before. All previous known particles containing quarks were either baryons—particles such as protons and neutrons that contain three quarks—or mesons, which are composed of one quark and one antiquark. But pentaquarks, with their five component particles, did not fit into any of these categories.

"There was no clear picture of how pentaquarks are built," says particle physicist Tomasz Skwarnicki of Syracuse University in New York, co-author of the study.

Some scientists believed that the five components can be combined on an equal footing. But detailed measurements show that pentaquarks are made of two known particles, the baryon and the meson, glued together. This discovery makes the particles a little less exotic than intended.

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