Anthropology. Constitutional anthropology: basic concepts (most important)

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Anthropology. Constitutional anthropology: basic concepts (most important)

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11. CONSTITUTIONAL ANTHROPOLOGY: BASIC CONCEPTS

Under a common The constitution is understood as an integral characteristic of the human body, its "total" property to react in a certain way to environmental influences, without violating the connection of individual features of the organism as a whole. This is a qualitative characteristic of all the individual characteristics of the subject, genetically fixed and capable of changing in the process of growth and development under the influence of environmental factors.

Under privately owned the constitution is understood as separate morphological and (or) functional complexes of the body that contribute to its prosperous existence. This concept includes habitus (appearance), somatic type, body type, features of the functioning of the humoral and endocrine systems, indicators of metabolic processes, etc.

Constitutional features are considered as a complex, i.e., they are characterized by functional unity. This set should include:

▪ morphological characteristics of the body (physique);

▪ physiological indicators;

▪ mental properties of the individual.

In anthropology, private morphological constitutions are most developed.

The work of a huge number of anthropologists, physicians and psychologists is devoted to the development of constitutional schemes. Among them are G. Viola, L. Manuvrier, K. Seago, I. Galant, V. Stefko and A. Ostrovsky, E. Kretschmer, V. Bunak, U Sheldon, B. Heath and L. Carter, V. Readers, M Utkina and N. Lutovinova, V. Deryabin and others.

Constitutional classifications can be further divided into two groups:

▪ morphological, or somatological, schemes, in which constitutional types are determined on the basis of external signs of the soma (body);

▪ functional diagrams, in which special attention is paid to the functional state of the body.

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