Anthropology. System of basic human needs (most important)

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Anthropology. System of basic human needs (most important)

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26. SYSTEM OF BASIC HUMAN NEEDS

The initial basic human need, according to A. Maslow, is the need for life itself, that is, the totality of physiological and sexual needs - for food, clothing, housing, procreation, etc. Satisfying these needs, or this basic need, strengthens and continues life, ensures the existence of the individual as a living organism, a biological being.

Security and safety - the next in ascending importance basic human need. Here and concern for guaranteed employment, interest in the stability of existing institutions, norms and ideals of society, and the desire to have a bank account, an insurance policy, there is no concern for personal security, and much more. One of the manifestations of this need is also the desire to have a religion or philosophy that would "bring into order" the world and determine our place in it.

Need for belonging (to this or that community), involvement and affection - the third basic human need, according to A. Maslow. This is love, and sympathy, and friendship, and other forms of proper human communication, personal intimacy; it is the need for simple human participation, the hope that suffering, grief, misfortune will be shared, and also, of course, the hope for success, joy, victory. The need for attachment and belonging is the other side of a person's openness or trust in being - both social and natural. An unmistakable indicator of the dissatisfaction of this need is a feeling of rejection, loneliness, abandonment, uselessness. Satisfying the need for communication-community (belonging, belonging, attachment) is very important for a fulfilling life.

The need for respect and self-respect is another basic human need. A person needs to be appreciated - for skill, competence, independence, responsibility, etc., to be seen and recognized for his achievements, successes, merits. Here considerations of prestige, reputation and status come to the fore. But recognition from others is still not enough - it is important to respect oneself, to have a sense of one's own dignity, to believe in one's uniqueness, indispensability, to feel that one is engaged in a necessary and useful business. Feelings of weakness, disappointment, helplessness are the surest evidence of the dissatisfaction of this need.

Self-expression, self-affirmation, self-realization - the last, final, according to A. Maslow, the basic human need. However, it is final only in terms of classification criteria. In reality, as the American psychologist believes, a truly human, humanistically self-sufficient development of a person begins with it. A person at this level asserts himself through creativity, the realization of all his abilities and talents. He strives to become all that he can and (according to his internal, free, but responsible motivation) should become. Man's work on himself is the main mechanism for satisfying the considered need.

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