Anthropology. Physical development (most important)

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Anthropology. Physical development (most important)

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34. PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT

Physical development means “a complex of properties of an organism that determines the reserve of its physical strength.”

P. Bashkirov quite convincingly proved that the reserve of physical strength is an extremely conditional, although applicable in practice, concept. As a result of research, it was found that the physical development of a person is well described by the ratio of three body parameters - weight, body length and chest girth - i.e., characteristics that determine the “structural and mechanical properties” of the body. To assess this level, indices constructed from these parameters (Broca's index and Pignier index), as well as weight-height indicators (Rohrer index and Quetelet index) and the "ideal" weight formula, which is the ratio of weight and body length, corresponding to a certain idea of the ideal ratio of these parameters. For example, a common formula is that body weight should be equal to body length minus 100 cm. In reality, such formulas only work for some people of average height, since both parameters grow disproportionately to each other. A universal formula cannot exist even theoretically. The method of standard deviations and the method of constructing regression scales have been used. Standards for physical development in children and adolescents have been developed and regularly updated.

Assessment of physical development, of course, is not limited to the three listed indicators. Of great importance are assessments of the level of metabolism, the ratio of active and inactive components of the body, features of the neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, respiratory systems, skeletal muscle tone, taking into account biological age, etc.

By assessing a complex of constitutional characteristics, we can make assumptions about the potential (predisposition) to a particular disease. But there is not and cannot be a direct “fatal” relationship between body type and a certain disease.

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