Anthropology. The main stages of human evolution: part 2 (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets
Free library / Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Anthropology. The main stages of human evolution: part 2 (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Table of contents (expand)

8. MAIN STAGES OF HUMAN EVOLUTION: PART 2

Ancient people were replaced by ancient people - neanderthals (according to the place of their first discovery in the Neander river valley, Germany).

Neanderthals lived during the ice age from 200 to 30 thousand years ago. The wide distribution of ancient people not only in areas with a warm favorable climate, but also in the harsh conditions of Europe subjected to icing, testifies to their significant progress compared to the most ancient people: ancient people knew how not only to maintain, but also to make fire, they already knew speech, their volume brain is equal to the brain volume of a modern person, the development of thinking is evidenced by the tools of their labor, which were quite diverse in form and served for a variety of purposes - hunting animals, butchering carcasses, building a home.

The emergence of elementary social relationships among Neanderthals was revealed: care for the wounded or sick. Burials are found among Neanderthals for the first time.

Collective action already played a decisive role in the primitive herd of ancient people. In the struggle for existence, those groups that successfully hunted and better provided themselves with food, took care of each other, achieved lower mortality of children and adults, and better overcome the difficult conditions of existence, won. The ability to make tools, articulate speech, the ability to learn - these qualities turned out to be useful for the team as a whole. Natural selection ensured the further progressive development of many traits. As a result, the biological organization of ancient people improved. But the influence of social factors on the development of Neanderthals was becoming stronger.

The emergence of people of modern physical type (Homo sapiens), which replaced ancient people, happened relatively recently, about 50 thousand years ago.

Fossil people of the modern type possessed all the complex of basic physical features that our contemporaries have.

<< Back: Milestones in Human Evolution: Part 1

>> Forward: Evolution and the second law of thermodynamics

We recommend interesting articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets:

▪ International economic relations. Crib

▪ Psychology. Crib

▪ History of medicine. Lecture notes

See other articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven 09.05.2024

Quantum mechanics continues to amaze us with its mysterious phenomena and unexpected discoveries. Recently, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lamy from the University of Amsterdam presented a new discovery that concerns quantum entanglement and its relation to entropy. Quantum entanglement plays an important role in modern quantum information science and technology. However, the complexity of its structure makes understanding and managing it challenging. Regulus and Lamy's discovery shows that quantum entanglement follows an entropy rule similar to that for classical systems. This discovery opens new perspectives in the field of quantum information science and technology, deepening our understanding of quantum entanglement and its connection to thermodynamics. The results of the study indicate the possibility of reversibility of entanglement transformations, which could greatly simplify their use in various quantum technologies. Opening a new rule ... >>

Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5 09.05.2024

Summer is a time for relaxation and travel, but often the heat can turn this time into an unbearable torment. Meet a new product from Sony - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-air conditioner, which promises to make summer more comfortable for its users. Sony has introduced a unique device - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-conditioner, which provides body cooling on hot days. With it, users can enjoy coolness anytime, anywhere by simply wearing it around their neck. This mini air conditioner is equipped with automatic adjustment of operating modes, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. Thanks to innovative technologies, Reon Pocket 5 adjusts its operation depending on the user's activity and environmental conditions. Users can easily adjust the temperature using a dedicated mobile app connected via Bluetooth. Additionally, specially designed T-shirts and shorts are available for convenience, to which a mini air conditioner can be attached. The device can oh ... >>

Energy from space for Starship 08.05.2024

Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>

Random news from the Archive

New water state discovered 26.09.2020

Supercooled water is two liquids in one. American researchers came to this conclusion after conducting the first-ever measurements of liquid water at temperatures well below its usual freezing point.

Despite the extremely wide distribution, water as a chemical substance is still not fully understood. Scientists sometimes call it the most mysterious substance on Earth.

The fact is that water is not like other liquids - when it freezes, it expands, and does not shrink, like everyone else, its density decreases. Therefore, water ice does not sink, but floats on the surface. Water has a high boiling point and is an excellent solvent, therefore, under various conditions, most organic and inorganic substances dissolve in it. And finally, it has a huge coefficient of surface tension. Thanks to all these unique properties, water has become the basis of life on Earth.

Water has another interesting quality - it freezes very "reluctantly". If other liquids begin to solidify gradually, immediately after they pass the freezing point, then water "resists" to the last. And to start hardening, it always needs crystallization nuclei - suspended particles of mineral or organic origin.

Researchers from the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) of the US Department of Energy decided to test, if there are no such particles, up to what temperature the water will remain liquid.

It is known that water can be present in clouds in the form of supercooled drops even at very low temperatures, and then, when fine ice dust gets into these clouds from above, from higher and colder layers, the drops instantly crystallize and fall to the ground in the form of ice pellets. or hail.

Scientists in the laboratory destroyed a thin ice film with a laser, creating supercooled liquid water, and then, using infrared spectroscopy, tracked all the smallest stages of its transformations in the temperature range from 135 to 245 kelvins - from minus 138 to minus 28 degrees Celsius.

On freeze-frames of the phase states, the scientists saw that when supercooled, water condenses into a dense liquid phase, which continues to coexist with the normal liquid phase. At the same time, the proportion of liquid with high density decreases rapidly as the temperature rises from 190 to 245 Kelvin.

Other interesting news:

▪ Water is as valuable as oil or gas

▪ Two-storey garage in the country

▪ Glass recognizes the image

▪ ASRock Mars 4000U Mini PC

▪ Virus-eating bacteria discovered

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site Voltage stabilizers. Article selection

▪ article Piece of paper. Popular expression

▪ article What word does McDonald's require to be removed from English dictionaries? Detailed answer

▪ Article Pediculosis. Health care

▪ article Features of the installation of electrical wiring. General provisions. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Adjustable power supply with a switching voltage regulator, 3,3-9 volts 0,5 amperes. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews