Constipation. Medical care for a child

FUNDAMENTALS OF FIRST AID
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Constipation. Medical care for a child

Fundamentals of First Aid (OPMP)

Constipation is considered chronic stool retention, which lasts more than two days and is accompanied by difficult, sometimes painful emptying and discomfort, with the discharge of a small amount of hard feces.

Not always rare stool is constipation. The consistency and frequency of stools vary depending on the age and individual characteristics of the child. Newborns have stools several times a day. It has a soft consistency, reminiscent of mustard with grains, especially if the child is breastfed. Formula-fed babies tend to have fewer bowel movements and have harder stools. When solid food is included in the diet, the stool becomes hard and daily, but in some children it is more rare: every 2 or 3 days. This can also be a physiological norm.

A common cause of constipation is a violation of a balanced diet in children, that is, the ratio between proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, vitamins and water. Stool retention can be one of the symptoms of a general illness in a baby. In children of the first three years of life, such diseases can be: rickets, malnutrition (decrease in the amount of food digestion), anemia. All these diseases are accompanied by weakness and a decrease in the tone of the muscles of the body, including the muscles of the digestive tract. Children with certain hereditary diseases, such as hypothyroidism (decreased thyroid function), Down's disease, always have muscle weakness, and therefore constipation. The causes of constipation in children can be new types of food or milk. There are emotional, psychological causes of constipation caused by stress, fear or unwillingness to do anything.

Constipation is one of the manifestations of dysbacteriosis - a violation of the intestinal microflora.

Constipation is dangerous because when the stool is delayed, self-poisoning of the body occurs. The child becomes lethargic, he develops weakness, headache. The skin becomes pale, with a grayish tint, icteric, dry, flaky. As a result of the absorption of toxins into the blood, pustular diseases develop. Constipation can lead to changes in the intestines, liver and other organs, a decrease in overall immunity.

To avoid constipation, the child must drink enough fluids, and the muscles of the lower intestine and rectum must contract and relax to form and expel feces.

What to do with constipation

The diet of the child should be dominated by products containing vegetable fiber: carrots, beets, zucchini, rye and wheat bread from wholemeal flour, dietary bread with sieve, cereals from wheat, oatmeal, buckwheat and pearl barley, fruit and vegetable juices, non-acidic apples, figs, dried apricots, prunes. It is necessary to give the child lactic acid products: kefir, yogurt, acidophilus.

Eliminate white bread, cakes, fatty meats, smoked meats, canned food, chocolate, coffee, radishes, garlic, onions from the diet. Cereals from semolina, rice groats are not recommended. Limit the use of vermicelli, pasta, potatoes.

For children with spastic constipation, dietary treatment should begin with the introduction of fats (mainly vegetable), boiled vegetables with the gradual addition of raw vegetables into the diet.

Let your child drink more - water, juices, compotes (except tea, coffee, chocolate), as well as mineral water at the rate of 3 ml per 1 kg of body weight at one time, three times a day.

If the child is pushing hard, experiencing pain during bowel movements, then glycerin suppositories will help him. Suppositories lubricate the rectum and facilitate the process of defecation, but suppositories should not be used frequently. Insert the suppository into the anus and push it as far as possible, and then squeeze the child's buttocks for a few minutes to dissolve the glycerin.

Give your child natural laxatives:

Prune juice (half diluted with water): 4 months to a year - 1-2 tbsp. spoons (15-30 ml), after a year - a little more than a glass (240 ml).

Prune puree, which can be added to porridge, spread on cookies.

Bran is a natural fibrous stool softener. They can be given with porridge or with fruit and yogurt.

The over-the-counter laxative maltsupex (malt and barley extract) can soften a baby's stool. For children from 1 to 2 years old - 1 tbsp. spoon a day, mixed with 240 ml of water and juice. When the stool becomes softer, reduce the dose.

If the child has severe constipation and the listed remedies do not help, give him an enema or inject liquid glycerin into the rectum using a pipette.

HOW TO DO A CLISM FOR CONSTIPATION

Take 1 tbsp. a spoonful of crushed flaxseed (you can use oats, barley or mallow leaves). Pour 4 cups of water into a saucepan, put the seed in and boil. Then strain and add 1 tbsp. a spoonful of salt or 2 tbsp. tablespoons of linseed (can be hemp) oil. The enema should be warm when administered.

Medicinal laxatives can be resorted to only in extreme cases, as they are addictive and can lead to the development of allergies.

According to the mechanism of action, laxatives can be divided into four groups:

causing chemical irritation of intestinal receptors: preparations of senna, rhubarb, bisacodyl, gutalax, castor oil;
having osmotic properties: magnesium sulfate, sodium sulfate, Karlovy Vary salt, etc.;
increasing the volume of the intestine: seedings, seaweed, methylcellulose;
contributing to the softening of feces and their better movement through the intestines: vaseline oil.

Author: Basharova N.A.

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