Fractures and dislocations. Medical care for a child

FUNDAMENTALS OF FIRST AID
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Fractures and dislocations. Medical care for a child

Fundamentals of First Aid (OPMP)

Fracture - this is a violation of the integrity of the bone, and dislocation - a violation of the correct position of the bones in the joint.

Bone fractures are more likely to occur when falling from a tree, a bicycle, a swing, inept skateboarding or roller skating.

If you suspect a fracture, then your first priority will be to fix the limb. Always fix the injured limb in the position in which it is.

Symptoms of a fracture

Pain that increases with stress on the bone.

Swelling.

Bruising.

Deformity and limited mobility at the fracture site.

When to see a doctor

If you suspect a spinal injury, a severe head injury, or multiple fractures, or if a child with a chest injury is choking, call XNUMX.

For other suspected fractures or dislocations, call a doctor or take your child to an emergency or trauma center.

First aid

Fix the injured limb with a splint. For this, any improvised material can serve - a board, a ruler, plywood. It is necessary to bandage the damaged bone to the splint so that two adjacent, closest joints are fixed. For example, in case of a fracture of the forearm, it is necessary to fix the elbow and wrist joints. If the spine, ribs or pelvic bones are damaged, you need to put the child on an even shield (plywood, doors) and transport it in a motionless state to a hospital or emergency room.

If the child is bleeding, check for signs of shock: dizziness, skin becomes pale, cold and wet, breathing is fast and shallow, and the pulse is weak and frequent, the child loses consciousness. In this case, take anti-shock procedures, trying to stop the bleeding:

If the child is conscious, lay him on his back and raise his legs 20-30 cm.

To keep warm, cover the baby with a blanket or coat.

If the baby does not have a heartbeat and is not breathing, begin CPR.

Stop bleeding by applying pressure to the wound with a clean, dry cloth.

Bandage the wound with a clean bandage.

If the shoulder is injured, secure the arm with a support bandage and tie the bandage to the torso.

If a hand or finger is injured, fix them in the position they are in with a splint wrapped in a piece of cloth.

If the forearm is injured, fix it with a splint and apply a support bandage, which is then tied to the body.

If the hip or pelvis is injured and you are waiting for the doctor to arrive, brace the injured area by placing folded towels, blankets, or clothing between the child's legs.

Don't let your child move their legs.

If the hip or pelvis is injured and you are forced to transport the child yourself, fix the injured area directly on the stretcher. A stretcher can be any solid board (for example, ironing board), on which the child is placed in full growth. Keeping his head, neck and back in a straight line, turn the child on his side and put a stretcher under him. Turn the child onto the stretcher, supporting the head and torso. Place rolled towels, blankets, or clothes between your legs. Tie the child securely to the stretcher with ropes, straps, ribbons, or strips of fabric. Keep the stretcher level when transporting.

Apply a cold compress to reduce pain and swelling.

ATTENTION!

Never try to connect bone fragments in case of fractures or reduce dislocations.

Author: Basharova N.A.

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