History of medicine. A. A. Ostroumov and his works (the most important)

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History of medicine. A. A. Ostroumov and his works (the most important)

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37. A. A. Ostroumov and his works

Alexey Alekseevich Ostroumov (1844-1908) in 1870 he graduated from the medical faculty of Moscow University. From 1879 to 1900 He was the head of the Department of Hospital Therapy at Moscow University. Aleksei Alekseevich Ostroumov was a follower of Zakharyin, especially in the application of clinical methods.

He also attached great importance to questioning the patient, believed that it was necessary to identify all the features of the case of the disease in this particular patient.

He continued to develop the traditions of S. P. Botkin in the development of experimental pathology and physiology. Like S. P. Botkin, A. A. Ostroumov was interested in the then new sciences - experimental pathology and pharmacology. A. A. Ostroumov attached great importance to the nervous system.

Ostroumov wrote: “The organism is a whole. The disorder of one part is reflected in the whole organism by a change in the vital activity of its other parts, therefore, the weakening of the function of one organ upsets the entire organism... The organism as a whole changes in its functions when each of its parts is diseased.” Ostroumov believed that through metabolism and the neuro-reflex system, the unity of the body, the interconnection of various organs with each other and the correlation of their activities are realized. A. A. Ostroumov analyzed various factors operating in the pathological process.

He became the developer of the doctrine of the significance of the course and etiology of the disease of the external environment in which this person lives, develops, etc. A. A. Ostroumov clearly defined the tasks of the doctor: “The subject of our study is a sick person, whose normal life is disrupted by the conditions of his existence in the environment... The purpose of clinical research is to study the conditions of existence of the human body in the environment, the conditions of adaptation to it and disorders.”

Ostroumov attached decisive importance in the treatment of the patient to general treatment, considered it necessary to place the patient in conditions with the most favorable diet, work, and housing for this patient.

A. A. Ostroumov believed that medical science is a part of natural science, and therefore, its development should take place in connection with other natural sciences. That is why he sought to combine clinical findings with biological data.

The shortcomings of the views of Aleksey Alekseevich Ostroumov include the fact that he exaggerated the role of a person's hereditary, innate predispositions to various diseases and belittled the adaptive properties of his environment. He underestimated the social side of human society.

Author: Bachilo E.V.

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