History of medicine. I. M. Sechenov The doctrine of reflexes (the most important)

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History of medicine. I. M. Sechenov The doctrine of reflexes (the most important)

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40. I. M. Sechenov. The doctrine of reflexes

Ivan Mikhailovich Sechenov (1829-1905) graduated from the military engineering school, and after it - Moscow University. After that, he taught at Moscow, Odessa, St. Petersburg universities. Sechenov was fired from St. Petersburg University for his radical materialistic views, and continued to work at Moscow University in the Department of Physiology. Let us designate the main directions of Sechenov's research activity:

1) chemistry of breath;

2) physiology of the nervous system;

3) the physiological foundations of mental activity. So, I. M. Sechenov became the founder of Russian physiology. He was the founder of the materialistic school of Russian physiologists. This school played an important role not only in the development of psychology, physiology and medicine in Russia, but throughout the world.

Sechenov for the first time began to consider the activity of the brain as a reflex. Before Sechenov, only those types of activity that were associated with the spinal cord were considered reflex. I. M. Sechenov established that in the brain of a person (and animals) there are special nervous mechanisms that have an inhibitory effect on involuntary movements. Sechenov called such mechanisms "delay centers".

In numerous experiments, a physiological center was discovered, which is located in the middle parts of the brain. This center was called the "Sechenov center", and the phenomenon itself, established in these experiments, was called "Sechenov braking".

I. M. Sechenov laid the foundation for the modern natural-scientific substantiation of the materialistic theory of reflection, creating the doctrine of the reflexes of the brain, extending the concept of "reflex" to the activity of the higher department of the nervous system. Here some works by I. M. Sechenov

1. "To whom and how to develop psychology" (1873).

2. "Objective Thought and Reality" (1882).

3. "Elements of Thought" (1902).

In the above works, Sechenov developed the materialistic doctrine, thereby proving the formation and influence of the external environment.

I. M. Sechenov also dealt with the problems of occupational health, emphasized the paramount importance of upbringing and the external environment in the formation of personality, and emphasized the role of training and work skills.

Of all the works of Ivan Mikhailovich Sechenov, the work "Brain Reflexes".

The physiology of Sechenov was strongly influenced by the materialistic philosophy of N. G. Chernyshevsky, A. N. Dobrolyubov, D. I. Pisarev, who shared dialectical, evolutionary views, they also supported the teachings of Charles Darwin, and opposed vulgar materialists and racists.

Author: Bachilo E.V.

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