History of medicine. N. I. Pirogov as an outstanding scientist (the most important)

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History of medicine. N. I. Pirogov as an outstanding scientist (the most important)

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32. N. I. Pirogov as an outstanding scientist

Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov (1810-1881) - one of the largest representatives of domestic medicine in the XNUMXth century.

He graduated from the medical faculty of Moscow University. Among Pirogov's teachers are Professor of Anatomy and Surgery Yu. Kh. Lodara and Professor of Dorpat University I. F. Mayer (1786-1858). After that, he continued his studies at the Tartu Professorial University. In the same place, in 1832, he defended his doctoral dissertation.

After graduating from a professorial university, in early 1833, Pirogov was sent to Germany for improvement.

Upon returning from abroad, at the suggestion of Mayer, who resigned, Pirogov was elected extraordinary professor at the University of Tartu. The fact is that Nikolai Ivanovich was only 26 years old at that time, so he could not be elected as an ordinary professor, but a year later he became one. During his work in Tartu, Pirogov wrote about 10 major scientific works.

For more than 8 years, he studied the anatomy of fasciae, arteries in relation to the possibilities of surgical operations (in fact, he laid the foundations of operative surgery and topographic anatomy). So, the work of 1837, which is called "The Surgical Anatomy of the Arterial Trunks and Fascia", put Pirogov among the best anatomists in the world.

In 1840, Pirogov was invited to the department at the Medical-Surgical Academy of St. Petersburg. Then Pirogov proposed creating a department of hospital surgery so that the connection between practical activities and scientific achievements would become stronger, so that students could “... observe nature not with the eyes and ears of their teacher, but with their own.”

So, in addition to faculty clinics, hospitals began to be created. In St. Petersburg, Pirogov left in 1841 - a qualitatively new and most productive stage in the activity of Nikolai Ivanovich began. It was during this period that he created the well-known "ice anatomy".

In 1843-1844. Pirogov used the method of freezing corpses and the thinnest cuts of their parts and organs, which preserve the topography of the organs of a living person. Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov wrote about this method in his work "A complete course in applied anatomy of the human body.

Pirogov improved the methods of teaching and researching anatomy, introduced the principles of layered preparation in the study of arteries and fascia, various anatomical regions. With this, N. I. Pirogov radically changed the idea of surgical anatomy.

Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov died in 1881. He played one of the main roles in the development of medical science in Russia. After his death, the All-Russian Scientific Society was established in his memory. The estate of N.I. Pirogov Cherry was renamed Pirogovo, and the house became a museum named after. N.I. Pirogova. Next to it is a crypt where the embalmed body of the great Russian medical scientist lies.

Author: Bachilo E.V.

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