History of medicine. Medicine during the Great Patriotic War. Development of medicine in the post-war period (most important)

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History of medicine. Medicine during the Great Patriotic War. Development of medicine in the post-war period (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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52. Medicine during the Great Patriotic War. The development of medicine in the post-war period

From 1941 to 1945 The Great Patriotic War was going on, which became the bloodiest in the entire history of mankind. More than 27 million soldiers and civilians died. But many survived and survived thanks to the actions of Soviet military doctors.

The initial period of the war was especially difficult in terms of medical support: there were not enough personnel, medicines, and equipment. In this regard, early graduations of fourth-year students from military medical academies and medical institutes were organized. Thanks to this, by the second year of the war, the army was provided with medical personnel in all specialties by an average of 95%. With the help of these people, soldiers and home front workers, mothers, children and the elderly received medical care.

Chief Surgeon of the Red Army N. N. Burdenko, Surgeon General of the Navy - Yu. Yu. Janelidze. Also, many famous people worked at the fronts and received awards after the war for their activities, memory and glory.

Thanks to the coordinated actions of doctors, numerous evacuation hospitals were organized, specialized medical care was improved for soldiers wounded in the head, neck, stomach, chest, etc.

Scientific work did not stop, which in the pre-war period led to the production of blood substitutes and the invention of methods for preserving and transfusing blood. All this later helped save thousands of lives. In the war years, penicillin was tested, domestic sulfonamides and antibiotics were invented, which were used to combat sepsis and heal purulent, difficult-to-heal wounds. The main successes of medicine in the postwar years include a thorough study of the sanitary situation and the effective elimination of problems in this area.

In the field of medical education, reforms unfolded in 1967-1969: then a system of seven-year training of medical personnel was introduced. The system of improvement of doctors began to develop intensively. In the 1970s

In the mid 1970s. Diagnostic centers were actively opened and equipped, maternal and child health was improved, and much attention was paid to cardiovascular and oncological diseases.

In the 1980s continued to actively explore issues cardiology, oncology, leukemia, implantation and organ prosthetics. In 1986, the first successful heart transplant was performed.

The ambulance system was also actively developed, automated control systems "ambulance" and "hospital" were created. A grandiose task in the field of public health in 1983 was the universal, nationwide medical examination and specialized treatment of the population.

Author: Bachilo E.V.

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