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Lecture notes, cheat sheets
History of medicine. Sanitary business. Baths (most important)
Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets Table of contents (expand) 16. Sanitation. Baths Epidemics Unlike Western Europe sanitary business in Rus' in the X-XIV centuries. was quite developed. This is evidenced by excavations of ancient Novgorod, on the territory of which about 50 estates were found, equipped with baths, water pipes and drains. Entire areas were covered with wooden pavements dating back to the XNUMXth-XNUMXth centuries, in contrast to Western Europe, in which the first pavements were built only in the XNUMXth century, and water supply - in the XNUMXth century. These "innovations" were found in Germany. A special place in ancient Russia occupied bathhouse. Traditional healers already understood the benefit that removing harmful substances through sweat brings to the body. A bathhouse in a house or estate was the cleanest place: they not only washed themselves, but also gave birth, cared for newborns, and invited doctors and chiropractors. The first mention of a Russian bath dates back to 1113 (chronicle from Nestor). A special misfortune of the Old Russian state was epidemics infectious diseases, or "pestilences". Endemic diseases were written about in chronicles, and only for the period from the 47th to the XNUMXth centuries. You can find information about XNUMX epidemics. They fell ill with plague, cholera, leprosy and other diseases. The centers of epidemics were border cities through which foreign caravans passed - Novgorod, Smolensk. For example, in 1230 in Smolensk, an epidemic claimed tens of thousands of lives, which indicates the extreme contagiousness of the disease. People understood that the disease passed from person to person, so they delimited the infected places where there were sick people. If the epidemic spread to the entire city, the residents went into the forests, abandoning their houses, belongings and sick relatives, and sat out until the pestilence passed. However, getting rid of the disease was considered the moment when the last patient died and there seemed to be no one to become infected from. Knowing nothing about the pathogens, people returned to the cities, and the epidemic sometimes returned with them. Considering the place cursed, people went so far as to burn entire settlements. Their mistake was also that until the XNUMXth century. People who died from epidemics were buried, according to religious laws, in church cemeteries. This contributed to the resumption and spread of the pestilence. Only in the 24th century. Those who died from infectious diseases began to be buried outside the cemetery, outside cities and villages. People did not understand that the cause of epidemics was not supernatural forces, but poverty and poor hygiene, so in some cases they resorted to desperate acts: for example, in the XNUMXth century. In Novgorod, during the plague epidemics, residents erected the Church of St. Andrew Stratelates in XNUMX hours. It has survived to this day. During the period of the Mongol-Tatar invasion in Rus' there was the largest number of epidemics, the most people died. Author: Bachilo E.V. << Back: Monastery medicine >> Forward: General characteristics of the historical period of the XV-XVII centuries
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