History of medicine. Military field surgery by N. I. Pirogov (the most important)

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History of medicine. Military field surgery by N. I. Pirogov (the most important)

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33. Military field surgery N. I. Pirogov

During the Crimean War N. I. Pirogov went to the front, where he collected a lot of unique material, which formed the basis of another classic work by Pirogov "The beginnings of general military field surgery, taken from observations of military hospital practice and memoirs" (1865-1866). Later, Pirogov continued his observations and "principles of organizing surgical care" during wars.

For example, he worked as an inspector in 1877 during the Turkish-Bulgarian War. It is impossible not to recall the expression of Pirogov: "War is a traumatic epidemic. The properties of wounds, mortality and the success of treatment depend mainly on the various properties of weapons."

This is a statement from a brief work on the experience of the war in Bulgaria - "Military medical practice and private assistance in the theater of war in Bulgaria."

The main innovative ideas of N. I. Pirogov as a military surgeon.

1. Pirogov was against "hasty operations carried out, thus advocating saving tactics in relation to the wounded and sick." He called for abandoning early amputation in case of gunshot wounds of the limb, accompanied by bone damage. He was a supporter and recommended to all the so-called savings surgery.

2. Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov attached great importance to the correct immobilization of patients with fractures. I must say that he was one of the first to introduce plaster bandages into widespread practice. Starch dressings were also used.

3. Particular attention was paid to "...well-organized triage at dressing stations and military temporary hospitals."

4. Pirogov was also an innovator in the use of anesthesia. He was one of the first in Europe to use ether anesthesia (ether dressing) in the conditions of hostilities near the village of Salty while helping the wounded. Thus, chloroform, ether, and other types of anesthesia are firmly rooted in medical practice.

5. It is impossible not to say about Pirogov's views on hygiene, on the prevention of various diseases. Here is what he said: "I believe in hygiene. This is where the true progress of our science lies. The future belongs to preventive medicine. This science, going hand in hand with the state, will bring undoubted benefits to mankind."

Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov, apart from being a first-class surgeon, was an excellent organizer and innovator in the field of medicine and healthcare.

The defeat in the Crimean War, intrigues at the Medical and Surgical Academy and other factors influenced Pirogov, and at the age of 46 he decided to leave the academy and accepted an offer to become a trustee of educational districts in Odessa.

Author: Bachilo E.V.

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