History of medicine. N. A. Semashko and his role in medicine (the most important)

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History of medicine. N. A. Semashko and his role in medicine (the most important)

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50. N. A. Semashko and his role in medicine

Nikolai Alexandrovich Semashko (1874-1949) made a huge contribution to the development of not only Soviet, but also world medicine.

Semashko's career did not start with brilliant success: he graduated from Kazan University, after which he worked for 3 years as a zemstvo doctor in the Oryol province, and then in Nizhny Novgorod. The revolution in February 1905 ended for him with arrest, imprisonment for 10 months, and then 10 years of emigration to France, Switzerland and Serbia. In the summer of 1917, at the age of 43, he returned to Moscow with a group of other emigrants. He took part in the medical arrangement of the country from the moment the idea of creating a state health care system arose: first headed the medical and sanitary department of the Moscow Council, and later became the first People's Commissar of Health of the RSFSR. He controlled Narkomzdrav for 11 years, in the most difficult years for the country, when the bloody Civil War was going on, epidemics raged in the Union.

He also took part in the development of anti-epidemic programs, seriously stated the need to create a program for the protection of motherhood and childhood and the need to develop Soviet medicine by improving and expanding the network of research institutes. Under him, sanitary-resort business began to develop intensively, the system of higher medical education was transformed.

N. A. Semashko made a huge contribution to the development of hygiene in the USSR, opening in 1922 the Department of Social Hygiene at the Faculty of Medicine of Moscow State University. He himself was the head of this department for 27 years.

In 1927-1936. the first edition of the Great Medical Encyclopedia was created and published, the initiator of which was N. A. Semashko. From 1926 to 1936 he headed the children's commission of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee.

He put a lot of effort into studying the sanitary and hygienic situation after the war.

N. A. Semashko became one of the founders and one of the first academicians and members of the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. He was director of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences from 1945 to 1949. Since 1945, he held the title of Academician of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the RSFSR. He also became the founder of the Institute for the Organization of Public Health and the History of Medicine of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, after its creation he led it from 1947 to 1949. This institute bore his name for a long time, later it was renamed the National Research Institute of Public Health of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.

Semashko, managed to leave his mark on the development of physical culture and sports, as he became the first chairman of the organization in charge of this area of medicine, and also headed the board of the All-Union Hygienic Society (1940-1949).

Throughout his life, he wrote scientific works and works, of which there are more than 250. All of them were devoted to theoretical, organizational and practical issues of hygiene and health care in general, which earned him immortal memory among the people.

Author: Bachilo E.V.

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