History of medicine. M. V. Lomonosov and his teaching (the most important)

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History of medicine. M. V. Lomonosov and his teaching (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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28. M V Lomonosov and his teaching

M V Lomonosov - brilliant scientist, philosopher, poet, geographer, naturalist.

In 1723, by decree of Peter I, the Academy of Sciences and All Arts was established. The opening of this academy took place in 1725. The pillar of the academy was M.V. Lomonosov (despite the large number of foreign doctors) and his students, famous doctors of that period (A.P. Protasov, S. Zybelin, N.M. , D. S. Samoilovich, etc.).

Lomonosov had truly enormous talent. He was very close and interested in medical problems. He believed that medicine is one of the most useful sciences for humans; it “through knowledge of the properties of the body... reaches the cause.”

It must be said that Lomonosov attributed medicine to the field of physics: "The greatest science of physics and the most useful science for the human race is medicine." The fact is that physics in those days had a wide meaning - natural science in general. So, M. V. Lomonosov introduced medicine into the circle of natural sciences.

In 1751, in his famous speech "On the Benefits of Chemistry," he made many striking statements about medicine. Lomonosov carefully studied anatomy, physics, physiology, as well as other sciences that could be useful for medicine. Lomonosov was sure that it was simply impossible "to talk about the human body without knowing either the addition of bones and joints to strengthen it, or the union, or the position of the muscles for movement, or the distribution of nerves for feeling, or the location of the viscera for the preparation of nourishing juices, or the length of the veins for the circulation of blood, or other organs of his wonderful structure.

Lomonosov considered it necessary to study chemistry for the knowledge of medical science; he writes that "a physician cannot be perfect without a sufficient knowledge of chemistry. She recognizes the natural mixture of blood and nutritious juices, she discovers the addition of healthy and harmful food. She prepares useful medicines not only from various herbs, but also from the core of the earth taken materials" . In 1761, M. V. Lomonosov wrote a letter to Count I. I. Shuvalov "On the reproduction and preservation of the Russian people." This letter is of great importance, in which he convincingly and vividly described the difficult situation of medicine in the country, the incidence, high mortality, especially high infant mortality. Lomonosov called for combating bad habits, improving the quality of training for doctors, and improving the level of medical care. It must be said that the letter to I. I. Shuvalov can be assessed as a kind of program for the revival of the health of Russians, but it was not published. It should be noted, however, that the progressive doctors of that period followed the precepts of Lomonosov.

Author: Bachilo E.V.

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