History of medicine. Methods for preparing medicines (the most important)

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History of medicine. Methods for preparing medicines (the most important)

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22. Methods of preparing medicines

Apothecary order, according to the instructions of the king, was to organize preparation of medicines. These are mainly herbal medicines.

The population received medicinal potions in the markets, green rows. Subsequently, two pharmacies were organized in Moscow by royal decree. In 1581 - only for the king and his inner circle, and the second pharmacy, organized on March 20, 1672 - "for people and all kinds of ranks." The third pharmacy was opened in 1682 - at the first civilian hospital at the Nikitsky Gate. Foreign pharmacists were invited to Moscow pharmacies (French Jacobi, etc.).

Pharmacies were supplied with medicines in various ways. From the very beginning, medicinal raw materials were imported from England. At the same time, some materials were purchased in shopping malls. For example, lard for a plaster - in the meat section, various medicinal herbs and berries - in the green row, flammable sulfur and black resin - in the mosquito row. There was also a so-called berry duty: royal decrees were sent to governors in different parts of Rus', which ordered the collection of various herbs for which these lands are famous for the Sovereign's pharmacy. So, for example, black hellebore root was brought from Kolomna, juniper berries from Kostroma, malt root from Astrakhan and Voronezh, etc. Failure to fulfill the berry duty was punishable by imprisonment. Another way to supply pharmacies with medicinal raw materials was their importation by foreigners. So, back in 1602, the pharmacist James French brought with him from England a very valuable supply of medicines at that time. These medicines were the best at that time. When the imported reserves were depleted, raw materials were purchased or ordered from other countries - from England, Holland, Germany, etc.

I must say that usually medicines were prescribed from abroad, but then folk remedies were used more and more. Along with herbal remedies, exotic ones were also used, such as, for example, unicorn horn in powder, deer heart, powder from young rabbits in wine, "bezuy stone" (it was found on the seashore), etc. There was also a healthy lifestyle : the use of fir, pine from scurvy, cleanliness, a bath, which was a panacea for many diseases.

Although there was a school in the Aptekarsky Prikaz, the inhabitants still preferred traditional healers. Firstly, the population trusted them more, and secondly, it was much cheaper than being treated by doctors.

There was even a kind of hierarchy: "dokhtur, beaker and doctor, because the doctor gives his advice and orders, but he himself is not skilled in it, but the doctor applies and heals with medicine, and the beaker is a cook for these both."

Author: Bachilo E.V.

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