History of medicine. Paleopathology (most important)

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History of medicine. Paleopathology (most important)

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3. Paleopathology

In connection with the transition to a settled way of life, the role of women, in particular the economic one, decreased, but the medical role was preserved and even strengthened. Over time, the man became the master of the tribe, clan, and the woman remained the keeper of the hearth.

The history of medicine has only a few millennia. Despite everything, the medicine of primitive communities still deserves serious attention and study. After all, it was then that traditional medicine appeared and began to develop. The knowledge of people, obtained by the empirical method, accumulated, the skills of healing improved, at the same time the question of the causes of diseases began to arise. Naturally, people of that time did not have such an arsenal of knowledge as today, and could not explain the occurrence of diseases from a scientific point of view, therefore, people considered the causes of diseases to be any magical forces that are unknown to man. From another point of view, people found a magical explanation for the causes of the disease later, and the initial explanations were purely materialistic in nature, which was associated with the experience of obtaining means of life. During the period of late matriarchy, when well-being and life became more and more dependent on the results of hunting, a cult of an animal arose - a totem. Totemism in translation from the Indian means "my kind." It should also be noted that until recently, and among the Indians in America and still the names of the tribes were associated with the name of any animal or bird, the hunt for which gave food to the tribe - the monkey tribe, the bull tribe, etc. More than that , some even associated their origin with any animal. Such representations are called animalistic. Hence the wearing of amulets. In addition to all this, people could not but notice the effect of weather conditions on life and health.

There is an opinion that primitive people were distinguished by good health. The fact is that, of course, there was no impact on people then of adverse factors of a man-made nature - air pollution, etc. However, they constantly fought for their existence against natural conditions, also suffered from infectious diseases, died in wars with each other, were poisoned poor quality food, etc. It is believed that the average life expectancy of people at that time was 20-30 years. Now let's turn to such a concept as paleopathology.

Paleopathology is a science that studies the nature of diseases and lesions of ancient people. Among these diseases are such as necrosis, alkalosis, poliomyelitis, periostitis, rickets, bone fractures, etc.

Author: Bachilo E.V.

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