History of medicine. Traditional medicine (most important)

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History of medicine. Traditional medicine (most important)

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14. Traditional medicine

ethnoscience - This is the oldest branch of medicine in the history of Russia. In fact, its roots were paganism, which was practiced by the Slavic tribes before the unification and creation of the state and before the adoption of Christianity. Thus, the moment of the birth of traditional medicine can be attributed to the time from which the historical description of the life of the Russian people begins, i.e. to prehistoric times. With the adoption of Christianity, it was not eradicated, it has survived more than a thousand years of historical life of the people, and even in our time it continues to develop, is widely used in practice by those people who master this art, and sometimes come into conflict with scientific medicine.

In our time, there are a fair number of cases where scientific medicine turned out to be powerless in the face of some case of disease, even though it had reached the highest theoretical and practical development and technical equipment. And there were cases when a person was literally “pulled out of the coffin” and restored to health by people skilled in traditional medicine. With the development and growth of the Russian state, traditional medicine until the second half of the 19th century. remained the only way to treat diseases and maintain the health of ordinary people, since there was no more accessible medical care. The situation changed in the second half of the 19th century, when the first zemstvo institutions and zemstvo medicine itself appeared.

No one can explain why, but concern for the health of the entire Russian people was of little interest to the rulers of the Russian land for a very long time. They existed until the end of the 17th century. only “sovereign doctors” who treated the sovereign, his family and especially close persons. Peter I tried to change the situation, but did not achieve radical changes, making medicine accessible to privileged segments of the population.

Only Alexander II, who abolished serfdom in 1861 and carried out a large number of changes in all spheres of life of Russians, became the author of the first steps towards the availability of medical care, carried out zemstvo reform and introduced zemstvo medicine.

Since its inception, healing has differed from other types of medicine in that it combines knowledge of the healing properties of natural remedies and faith in miraculous powers.

Folk healers knew how to perform bloodletting, craniotomy, and also treat injuries (apply splints) and wounds using various ointments and cauterization.

Traditional healers compiled treatises on the use of the healing powers of nature - herbalists and physicians. This became especially widespread after the adoption of Christianity and the advent of writing. Unfortunately, we inherited only a small fraction of those sources, since most of them were lost or stolen during the wars. It is interesting that in the books that have come down to us there are means that were used not only after the adoption of Christianity, but also long before it.

Author: Bachilo E.V.

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