History of medicine. S. P. Botkin - Russian clinician (most important)

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History of medicine. S. P. Botkin - Russian clinician (most important)

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35. S. P. Botkin - Russian clinician

Sergey Petrovich Botkin (1832-1889) - one of the outstanding domestic clinicians. He graduated from the medical faculty of Moscow University in 1854. From 1862 to 1889. he was the head of the academic therapeutic clinic of the St. Petersburg Medical and Surgical Academy.

I. M. Sechenov and S. P. Botkin put forward the following assumptions:

1) about the leading importance of the environment in the origin of acquired and inherited properties of the organism;

2) about the primary role of the environment in the origin of diseases.

S. P. Botkin was distinguished by the ability to find an individual approach to the patient, great observation, the ability to correctly assess the significance of various manifestations of a particular disease. All this made Botkin a subtle diagnostician. Here are a number of scientific generalizations and observations by S. P. Botkin:

1) infectious origin of catarrhal jaundice;

2) the doctrine of the peripheral heart, of collapse;

3) the doctrine of the causes of death in lobar pneumonia;

4) the relationship of the formation of gallstones with microorganisms;

5) the doctrine of the fall of the pulse due to the weakness of the vessels;

6) the doctrine of the "wandering kidney" and the phenomena of enteroptosis;

7) the presence of nerve centers;

8) in-depth analysis of the lesions of the nervous system, as well as the hematopoietic system, the circulatory system.

Sergei Petrovich Botkin showed the reflex mechanism of a number of pathological processes.

Botkin considered the neurogenic origin of some forms of fever, sweating on one side of the body, and contractility of the spleen. Botkin also introduced such a thing as a pathological reflex. With the creation of the neurogenic theory, Botkin marked the beginning of a new stage in the development of clinical medicine.

The organization of medical affairs was also included in the circle of interests of Sergei Petrovich Botkin. At his suggestion, the conditions and equipment of city hospitals in St. Petersburg began to improve.

Laboratories were set up in hospitals, medical conferences were held, post-mortem autopsies were performed, and the nutrition of patients was also improved. Thus, Botkin contributed to the improvement of medical care for the population. Another merit of Botkin in the organization of health care was the introduction of the so-called Duma doctors. They were supposed to provide assistance at home to the poorest population of the city.

In 1886, a commission was set up to improve sanitary conditions and reduce mortality in Russia. This commission was headed by Sergei Petrovich Botkin. The materials collected by this commission were analyzed and conclusions were drawn about high infant mortality, insufficient medical care, etc.

S. P. Botkin was an outstanding teacher of higher medical school. He created an extensive school of his followers.

Author: Bachilo E.V.

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