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Holes in the light tied in knots

19.08.2018

A group of theoretical physicists from the Universities of Bristol and Birmingham has found a new way to study the propagation of light in space by tying this light into a sort of three-dimensional knot.

Laser light only looks like one highly focused beam, but in fact it is a high-frequency electromagnetic field oscillating at every point in space along its path.

Scientists have been able to tie knots of polarized laser light using fairly traditional holographic techniques. “We are all quite familiar with the knots in the material world around us,” says Professor Mark Denis, who led the theoretical part of the research, “The section of mathematics called “Knot Theory” describes the knots we are used to using the concepts of loops, intersections, etc. P."

"However, light nodes are much more complex formations. A light node is not only a twisted" thread "of a light beam, it includes the geometric and spatial properties of the region of space adjacent to the beam."

In order to study the topology of the light node, the researchers used holographic technology to create so-called polarization singularities. These singularities, discovered by Professor John Nye in Bristol over 35 years ago, occur at points in space where the originally elliptical waveform of polarized light becomes a perfect circle. In three-dimensional space, these singularities are located on the line of light propagation, creating light nodes at these points.

In recent experiments, scientists have been able to create light knots of much greater complexity than previously possible, and analyze them with a greater level of detail.

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