History of medicine. Monastic medicine (most important)

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History of medicine. Monastic medicine (most important)

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15. Monastic medicine

The appearance of monastery hospitals can be dated back to the time of the adoption of Christianity in Rus'. The monks, who believed that God knows everything on earth, perceived illnesses as punishment for human sins, and sometimes as the infestation of demons in the human soul and body. Consequently, healing from illness was seen as God's forgiveness and remission of sins.

The most famous of them were the hospital in Pereslavl, founded in 1091 by Metropolitan Ephraim of Kyiv, and the Kiev Pechersk Lavra, founded in 1051 by the monks Anthony and Theodosius on the outskirts of Kyiv. It got its name from the word “pechery”, i.e. caves in which the monks lived and did their noble work. The Kiev Pechersk Lavra left its traces in the development of medicine and culture in Rus'. Many chronicles were written there: from Nestor, Nikon, Selvester.

Hagiographic literature also came from there. In the 1661th century there the "Kievo-Pechersk Patericon" was created - a collection of stories and stories about this famous monastery. Many famous architects and painters took part in creating the interior of the monastery. They, the life and activities of the monks, the ways and morals of Kyiv were described in the patericon. In XNUMX, it was first printed and published in the printing house of the same Kiev Pechersk Lavra.

People who went down in Russian history are buried in the caves of the monastery: the founder of the Lavra, Anthony, the chronicler Nestor, the healers Damian and Agapius, and even the founder of Moscow, Yuri Dolgoruky.

Oddly enough, in the monastery they found ways to treat a wide variety of diseases - from infectious to mental. Within the walls of the monastery there was even something like isolation wards where seriously ill patients were placed and they were provided with individual care. People who no longer had hope of recovery were often healed by monks, after which they believed in God and prayers and became monks.

Among the most famous healers who practiced at the monastery were people such as the Monk Alimpius, who became famous for treating people with severe cases of leprosy. To treat skin diseases, he used icon paints that apparently contained various medicinal substances. Also, Saint and Blessed Agapius was a monk of the Lavra. He is known for curing the grandson of Yaroslav the Wise, who later became the prince of Rus', and went down in history as Vladimir Monomakh.

The monastery’s healers treated them free of charge, and treated the sick with toleration, love, even to the point of self-sacrifice. This attitude is the basics of medical ethics, which in our time is given great importance when studying at universities.

Monastic hospitals were also centers of learning and enlightenment: the monks collected Byzantine and Greek manuscripts, translated from Latin and Greek, combined information into collections, supplemented them with their knowledge and the knowledge of their ancestors, and taught medicine using these sources.

Author: Bachilo E.V.

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