radioactive contamination. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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radioactive contamination. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

Accidents at nuclear plants, nuclear power plants, storage facilities for nuclear materials and waste pose a great threat to human health and life. As a result of accidents at these facilities, radioactive substances (RV). Under the influence of wind, they can spread to considerable distances from the accident site. Falling out of the clouds, radioactive substances form a zone of radioactive contamination. At certain concentrations of pollution of the area, living on it becomes life-threatening.

One of the features of radioactive contamination is that it cannot be detected without the help of special dosimetric instruments, since radiation does not have any external signs, it has no color, no smell, no taste.

Radioactive radiation has the ability to penetrate through various thicknesses of material and cause disturbances in some vital processes in the human body. A person at the time of exposure to radiation does not receive bodily harm and does not experience pain, however, as a result of exposure, the affected person may later develop radiation sickness.

Radiation exposure can be external and internal. With external irradiation, the source is outside the living organism. In this case, you should quickly leave the infected area or hide in a shelter. External radiation is significantly absorbed by building walls and clothing.

But radioactive substances can also get inside the body - with dust, air, food and water. Internal exposure occurs - this is the main threat to people who find themselves in the zone of radioactive contamination. In the body, radioactive substances behave differently. Some accumulate in the bones, others - in the liver, kidneys, spleen.

For example, radioactive iodine is concentrated in the thyroid gland. This small but very important organ produces hormones - substances that regulate the vital activity of the body. Usually the body contains very little iodine - about 25 mg. The thyroid gland needs iodine for normal functioning, and the accumulation of radioactive iodine in it disrupts the work of the gland. To avoid such a danger, for prevention in the first hours after the accident, it is necessary to saturate the thyroid gland with ordinary iodine: then it will not accept radioactive iodine. To saturate with ordinary iodine, tablets and powders of potassium iodide are used. It should be taken daily for the first 7 days, one tablet. If there are no tablets, you can prepare an iodine tincture: 3-5 drops of a 5% iodine solution in a glass of water. Take equal parts 3 times a day.

Upon receiving a message about the danger of radioactive contamination of the environment, immediately put on personal protective equipment and move to shelter. If there are no means of protection, there is no shelter nearby, then stay indoors, turn on the radio to listen to the messages of the civil defense headquarters. You should take an iodine preparation and seal the room.

If, under the conditions of the radiation situation, the further stay of people in the contamination zone becomes life-threatening, evacuation is carried out. Transport - trucks, buses and cars with closed windows - is served directly to the entrance.

Upon arrival in a safe area, everyone undergoes a complete sanitization and dosimetric control before and after sanitization.

To prevent or reduce the effects of radioactive substances on the body:

limit your stay in open areas as much as possible, use personal protective equipment when leaving the premises;
when in an open area, do not undress, do not sit on the ground, do not smoke;
before entering the room, wash shoes with water or wipe with a rag, shake out outerwear and clean with a damp brush;
strictly observe the rules of personal hygiene;
eat only indoors, wash your hands thoroughly, rinse your mouth with a very weak solution of baking soda;
drink water only from trusted sources;
exclude swimming in open water until the degree of their radioactive contamination is checked;
do not pick berries, mushrooms and flowers in the forest.

Compliance with these recommendations will help to avoid radiation sickness.

Authors: Aizman R.I., Krivoshchekov S.G.

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