Personal protective equipment at work. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Personal protective equipment at work. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

Personal protective equipment (PPE) is designed to protect the skin and respiratory organs from the ingress of radioactive substances (RS), poisonous substances (S) and biological agents (BS). In accordance with this, personal protective equipment is divided by appointment for respiratory protection, skin protection and medical protective equipment.

Depending on the from the principle of protection all PPE are divided into insulating (completely isolating a person from environmental factors) and filtering (purifying the air from harmful impurities). By manufacturing method all PPE are divided into industrial ones, which are made in advance, and improvised ones, made by the population themselves from improvised means.

In addition, there are personal PPE (intended for certain units) and non-standard (intended to provide units and the population in addition to or instead of the standard ones).

Respiratory protection equipment:

1) filtering - civil gas masks (GP-5, GP-7), combined arms RSh-4, PMG-2), children's (DP-6, PDF-Sh); respirators for adults R-2, for children R-2D, industrial RPG-67; the simplest means of protection (cotton-gauze bandages, anti-dust fabric masks);

2) insulating: IP-4, IP-5, KIP-5, KIP-7, etc. The choice of gas masks (filtering or insulating, industrial or civil, etc.) is determined on the spot by the relevant formations, depending on the nature of the emergency and environmental conditions.

Skin protection products designed to protect open areas of the body, clothing, shoes from ingress of AOHV, RV and BS; distinguish:

1) filtering skin protection means: ZFO-58 - protective filtering clothing - cotton overalls impregnated with chemisorption chemicals; improvised means - ordinary, everyday clothes (tracksuits, raincoats, mittens, boots). To increase the protective properties, clothing can be pre-impregnated with a soap-oil emulsion; for the preparation of which a piece of laundry soap is ground on a grater and dissolved in 0,5 l of vegetable oil.

2) insulating skin protection equipment: OZK (combined arms protective kit), L-1 (light insulating suit) and others, which are made of rubberized fabric. They are equipped with certain formations to eliminate an emergency. The time spent in insulating clothing is limited due to a violation of thermoregulation processes and depends on weather conditions.

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New alloys for cars 03.06.2005

The Iron Research Institute in Düsseldorf (Germany) has developed and tested new alloys for car bodies.

Particularly strong was steel with 15% manganese and additives of aluminum and silicon, 3% each. A rod made of such an alloy can be stretched by more than 50%, and it can withstand a stretch of 1100 megapascals, which is equivalent to the weight of ten elephants suspended from a rod with a section the size of a postage stamp. Conventional steel used in car bodies breaks already at 700 megapascals.

Another alloy, characterized by a high content of manganese - 25%, is less durable, but it is stretchable in length by 90% and quickly absorbs shock loads. It is especially good for use in the front of the body, which in a collision must fold like an accordion, absorbing impact energy.

According to the authors of the development, their alloys will find application in the German automotive industry in four years.

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