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Key quantum security technology on a single chip

30.10.2021

Toshiba Europe announced the world's first Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) system-on-a-chip. This achievement will make it possible to apply quantum security technologies that are protected from future generations of supercomputers in the widest range of scenarios, including solutions for the "last miles" and the Internet of Things (IoT).

Miniaturizing the optical circuits used for QKDs and quantum random number generators (QRNGs) and integrating them into tiny semiconductor chips not only makes them much smaller and lighter than fiber optic counterparts, but also reduces power consumption.

It is especially important that such quantum devices can be manufactured in large quantities in parallel, on a single semiconductor wafer, using standard semiconductor industry technologies. For example, quantum transmitter chips developed by Toshiba have dimensions of only 2 × 6 mm, so several hundred such devices can be obtained from one plate at once.

The global QKD market is projected to grow to around $20 billion in fiscal year 2035. Major quantum-protected fiber networks are currently under construction in Europe and Southeast Asia, and there are plans to launch satellites that could expand these networks to a global level.

In October 2020, Toshiba launched two fiber QKD products built around discrete optical components. Together with project partners, Toshiba has deployed quantum-secure metro networks and long-distance fiber backbones in the UK, Europe, the US and Japan.

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Worms against aging 06.01.2020

Scientists from the MDI Laboratory, together with scientists from the Buck Institute for Research on Aging and the University of Nanjing, have discovered synergistic cellular mechanisms that increase lifespan by six times in C. elegans nematodes, which are often used as model organisms in aging research.

Such a life expectancy in worms corresponds to a human life expectancy of 400-500 years.

The study is based on the discovery of two major pathways that drive aging C. elegans, which are popular model organisms in aging research due to their many genes in common with humans, and because of their short lifespan of three to four weeks, allowing researchers to quickly assess the impact of both genetic and environmental factors on life expectancy.

The study used organisms with a double mutation: the insulin signaling pathways and TOR complexes were changed. Altering insulin signaling alone gives a 100% increase in lifespan in nematodes. A separate change to TOR is 30 percent. It was logical to assume that their combined change would give a 130% increase, but instead life expectancy increased by 500%.

The discovery of a synergistic effect in the future will allow the use of combination therapy to prolong life in the same way that various combination therapies are currently used to treat cancer or AIDS. It could also explain why scientists couldn't find a single gene responsible for longevity.

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