Accounting. Accounting for intangible assets (most important)

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Accounting. Accounting for intangible assets (most important)

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52. Accounting for intangible assets

Intangible assets objects of long-term use are recognized that do not have a material structure, but have a valuation, are used for a long time (over 12 months) and are capable of bringing economic benefits (income) to the organization in the future.

Intangible assets include:

▪ the exclusive right of the patent holder to an invention, industrial design, utility model;

▪ exclusive copyright for computer programs, databases;

▪ property right of the author or other copyright holder to the topology of integrated circuits;

▪ the exclusive right of the owner to a trademark and service mark, the name of the place of origin of goods;

▪ exclusive right of the patent holder to selection achievements;

▪ business reputation of the organization;

▪ organizational expenses.

Into intangible assets not included intellectual and business qualities of the organization's personnel, their qualifications and ability to work, since they are inseparable from their carriers and cannot be used without them.

The movement of intangible assets is documented by documents that indicate data on the initial cost, degree of depreciation, useful life, etc.

Upon disposal of intangible assets, an act for write-off, an act of transfer and other documents is drawn up.

Intangible assets are accepted for accounting on account 04 "Intangible assets" at original cost.

Debit account 04 "Intangible assets"

Credit of account 08 "Investments in non-current assets" - an intangible asset is accepted for accounting at its original cost.

The residual value of retired objects is written off from account 04 "Intangible assets" to account 91 "Other income and expenses".

Debit account 91 "Other income and expenses"

Credit of account 04 "Intangible assets" - the residual value of intangible assets is written off.

When objects of intangible assets are disposed of, their value is reduced by the amount of depreciation accrued over the time of use.

Depreciation on intangible assets is charged over the entire useful life.

For intangible assets for which it is impossible to determine the useful life, depreciation rates are set for 20 years (but not more than the life of the organization).

The amount of depreciation on intangible assets is reflected in account 05 "Amortization of intangible assets". On the credit of this account, depreciation is charged, on the debit - depreciation is written off.

1. Depreciation on intangible assets has been accrued:

Debit of account 20 "Main production" (23 "Auxiliary production", 25 "General production expenses", 26 "General expenses", 08 "Investments in non-current assets")

Credit of account 05 "Amortization of intangible assets".

2. The depreciation amount for retired intangible assets was written off:

Debit account 05 "Amortization of intangible assets"

Credit of account 04 "Intangible assets".

Distinguish the following depreciation methods for intangible assets:

▪ linear method;

▪ reducing balance method;

▪ method of writing off the cost in proportion to the volume of products (works).

Author: Kabkova E.N.

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