Accounting. The essence and functions of accounting (the most important)

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Accounting. The essence and functions of accounting (the most important)

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8. Essence and functions of accounting

Бухгалтерский учет is a system of observation, measurement, registration and control over the presence and movement of economic assets of the organization and the results of economic processes. For this use accounting meters: natural, labor, monetary.

natural meters reflect the weight, length, quantity, volume and other quantitative characteristics of the property of the enterprise.

Labor meters reflect quantitative indicators of accounting for time and labor for production, labor intensity, labor productivity, payroll.

money meter reflects the monetary value of property, liabilities, business transactions for accounting purposes. With its help, the financial results of the enterprise are determined.

Accounting is the link between economic activity and people, which helps to make quality decisions based on the information that the accounting system creates and transmits.

Control mechanism - the process of influencing the people and financial resources of the organization in order to maximize profits.

Components of the control mechanism.

1) planning;

2) regulation aimed at achieving planned targets;

3) organization of economic activity;

4) business accounting;

5) analysis, control;

6) stimulation of the personnel of the organization.

Accounting Functions.

1. Control function evaluates the achievement of goals by the enterprise, identifying deviations, the reasons associated with this, and taking measures to eliminate them.

2. Feedback function provides the personnel of the enterprise with data on the activities of the organization and is the basis for the development of plans.

3. Information function is determined by the supply of all the necessary information: about the assets of the organization, their movement, sources of formation, business processes, results of the enterprise. Information must be reliable, objective, timely, operational, must meet the requirements of the maximum number of users and serve as the basis for decision-making.

4. Analytic function provides for a qualitative analysis of the organization's activities on the basis of reliable, timely and reasonable information. The analytical function allows you to specify the indicators that characterize the results of the enterprise, resource provision, pricing policy. This helps to make informed decisions regarding the financial position of the organization, its competitiveness in the market and development prospects.

5. Ensuring the safety of property - a function that plays a special role in a market economy in the presence of various forms of ownership. This assumes the following factors:

▪ availability of specialized warehouses equipped with office equipment;

▪ improving the accounting system, using scientific methods to identify shortages, waste, and theft;

▪ computerization of the enterprise for collecting, processing and transmitting information.

Accounting functions are interrelated. Information should be detailed, which will lead to the lowest costs for its creation and differentiation by control objects and submission deadlines.

Author: Kabkova E.N.

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