Accounting. Features of accounting in a small enterprise (the most important)

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Accounting. Features of accounting in a small enterprise (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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77. Features of accounting in a small business

Small business entities - commercial organizations, in the authorized capital of which the share of participation of the Russian Federation, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, public and religious organizations (associations), charitable and other funds does not exceed 25%, the share owned by one or more legal entities that are not small business entities does not exceed 25 % and in which the average number of employees for the reporting period does not exceed the following limit levels (small enterprises):

1) in industry - 100 people;

2) in construction - 100 people;

3) in transport - 100 people;

4) in agriculture - 60 people;

5) in the scientific and technical field - 60 people;

6) in wholesale trade - 50 people;

7) in retail trade and public services - 30 people;

8) in other industries and in the implementation of other types of activities - 50 people.

Also small businesses are individuals engaged in entrepreneurial activities without forming a legal entity.

Small enterprises with a simple technological process for the production of products (works, services) and having a small number of business transactions (no more than 100 per month) are recommended to use simplified form of accounting.

To organize accounting in a simplified form of accounting, a small business, on the basis of a standard Chart of Accounts, draws up working Chart of accounts for business accounting.

Fixed assets are accounted for account 01 "Fixed assets". Depreciation of fixed assets is taken into account on account 02 "Depreciation of fixed assets".

With the straight-line method of depreciation, a small business can additionally write off in the form of depreciation up to 50% of the initial cost of a fixed asset with a service life of more than 3 years.

Upon disposal of fixed assets, their value is debited from account 01 "Fixed assets" to the debit of account 02 "Depreciation of fixed assets", while the under-depreciated part of fixed assets from account 01, as well as the costs associated with their disposal, are written off to the debit of account 90 "Sales ". In the event of the sale of an item of fixed assets, the proceeds from the sale are credited to account 90 "Sales".

Accounting for materials for a small business is recommended to be taken into account on account 10 "Materials".

When accounting for income and expenses on a cash basis costs associated with the production and sale of products, works, services are reflected in account 20 "Main production" only in terms of paid material assets, services, paid wages, accrued depreciation and other paid costs.

The actual cost of shipped (sold) valuables (works, services) is indicated by debit account 41 "Goods".

Upon receipt of funds, accounts for accounting for cash in correspondence with a loan are debited account 90 "Sales", and in case of fulfillment of obligations in another way (barter agreement, offset of mutual debt, etc.), it is debited account 76 "Settlements with different debtors and creditors" in correspondence with account 90 "Sales".

The financial results of a small business are taken into account on account 99 "Profits and losses".

Author: Kabkova E.N.

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