Accounting. The concept of accounting accounts and their purpose (the most important)

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Accounting. The concept of accounting accounts and their purpose (the most important)

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19. The concept of accounting accounts and their purpose

Continuous current monitoring and control over business transactions and changes in the composition of property, sources of its formation are carried out with the help of accounting systems.

Accounts is a means of generating and storing accounting information necessary for reporting and making management decisions.

Accounts are opened for an economically homogeneous type of property in accordance with the classification of accounting objects. On the accounts, based on primary documents, current data is accumulated and systematized only for homogeneous business transactions.

The account is in the form of a two-sided table indicating "Debit" and "Credit", hence:

▪ debtor - debtor or borrower;

▪ creditor - a lender, a person who gave money or other valuables to another person.

The debit of the account reflects the receipt of funds, the credit - their expenditure.

In accordance with the division of the balance sheet into assets and liabilities Distinguish between active and passive accounts.

Active Accounts designed to account for the property of the organization.

Passive Accounts - to account for the obligations of the organization.

Balance - balance of funds or sources of their formation at the beginning or end of the period.

The entry on the accounts begins with an indication of the initial balance (initial balance) of the property or the sources of its formation. In active accounts, the initial balance is reflected in the debit of the account, and in passive accounts, in the credit.

Exist active-passive accounts, which combine the features of active and passive accounts. In these accounts, the balance can be debit and credit.

There is a relationship between accounts and balance:

▪ each balance sheet item corresponds to an account, except in cases where individual items reflect data from several accounts;

▪ accounts are divided into active and passive, similar to balance sheet items;

▪ balances of economic assets and sources of their formation are shown in accounts on the same side as in the balance sheet;

▪ the amount of balances for all active accounts is equal to the total of the balance sheet assets, for all passive accounts - the total of the balance sheet liabilities;

▪ the balance sheet is compiled on the basis of data from accounting accounts, and accounts are opened on the basis of balance sheet data.

Within a month, business operations are performed in the organization: their change in the direction of decrease or increase. The result of the movement is reflected in the balance sheet once a month as a result of changes that have occurred in economic assets and their sources. The actual movement of funds is not reflected in the balance sheet.

But we need daily information about the movement of economic funds and their sources. Indicators of the movement of materials - indicators of the movement of funds, giving an economic description of each operation taking place in the organization. It is necessary to reflect the movement of business transactions as they occur, to take them into account.

On the accounts during the month (quarter, year), transactions are grouped according to the nature of the objects recorded and the dates of the transactions performed, which makes it possible to obtain summary indicators about them and transfer them to the balance sheet at the end of the month (quarter, year).

Accounts are intended for current accounting and control over the movement of economic assets, their sources, production processes and their results.

Author: Kabkova E.N.

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