Accounting. Classification of expenses by ordinary activities (most important)

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Accounting. Classification of expenses by ordinary activities (most important)

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61. Classification of expenses by ordinary activities

Expenses for ordinary activities - expenses associated with the manufacture and sale of products, the purchase and sale of goods, as well as the reimbursement of the cost of fixed assets, intangible assets and other depreciable assets, carried out in the form of depreciation deductions.

Expenses for ordinary activities form:

▪ expenses associated with the acquisition of raw materials, materials, goods and other inventories;

▪ expenses arising directly in the process of processing (reworking) inventories for the purposes of production, performance of work and provision of services and their sale, as well as sale (resale) of goods. Such expenses include costs for the maintenance and operation of fixed assets and other non-current assets, commercial expenses, administrative expenses, etc.

Expenses for ordinary activities are accepted for accounting in an amount calculated in monetary terms, equal to the amount of payment in cash and in other form or the amount of accounts payable. If the payment covers only part of the recognized expenses, then the expenses accepted for accounting are determined as the sum of payment and accounts payable.

The rules for accounting for costs for the production of products (works, services) in the context of elements and articles, for calculating the cost of products (works, services) are established by separate regulations and Methodological Guidelines for Accounting.

Costs are grouped according to a number of characteristics.

1. By frequency of occurrence - current and one-time.

Running costs - permanently incurred costs (purchase of raw materials and materials, goods, etc.).

One-off - one-time or periodically incurred (expenses associated with mining preparation work, the development of new industries, installations and units, etc.).

2. By the method of including costs in the cost of products (works, services) - direct and overhead (indirect).

Direct costs - expenses associated with the production of products, performance of work, provision of services, which are included directly and directly in the cost of manufactured products, work performed or services rendered on the basis of primary documents (material costs, labor costs of the main workers).

Overhead - expenses associated with the organization and management of the organization as a whole (general business, general production expenses, etc.).

3. Depending on changes in the volume of work - constant and variable.

Fixed costs - expenses that do not depend on the scope of work (rent, depreciation of buildings, etc.).

Variables - change in direct proportion to the amount of work (piecework wages, material resources).

4. By efficiency - productive and unproductive.

5. By place of origin.

6. By type of work.

7. By type of expense - by cost element and expense item.

К cost elements relate:

one). material costs;

2). labor costs;

3). deductions for social needs;

four). depreciation;

5). other costs.

For the purposes of management in accounting, accounting of expenses is organized by cost items.

The list of cost items is established by the organization independently.

Author: Kabkova E.N.

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