Table of contents (expand)
- The history of the emergence and development of accounting
- Types of business accounting. Characteristic and relationship
- Features of business accounting in the Russian Federation
- Financial accounting: objects, principles, tasks
- Management accounting: essence and objects
- Methods and principles of management accounting
- Standards of professional behavior of an accountant-analyst. Rights and obligations of the chief accountant
- Essence and functions of accounting
- Goals and objectives of accounting
- Basic Accounting Principles
- International Accounting Principles
- Accounting objects. Their classification
- Documentation of business transactions
- Variety of documents. Classification of primary documents
- Importance of financial statements
- Composition of financial statements
- Publicity of financial statements
- The procedure and terms for the submission of financial statements
- The concept of accounting accounts and their purpose
- Account structure
- Double Entry: Essence and Meaning
- Accounting entries: compilation rules. Off-balance sheet accounts
- Accounting registers and methods of recording in them
- Synthetic and analytical accounting
- Chronological and systematic records
- Turnover, balance, chess statements
- Forms of Accounting
- Organization of the accounting apparatus
- Balance sheet: concept, content, structure
- Basic balance rules
- Tax accounting in the accounting system
- Features of tax accounting
- Economic definition of money. Cash flow statement
- Cash transactions
- Cash in current accounts
- Cash in foreign currency accounts
- Cash in special accounts
- Calculations with accountable persons
- Payments to personnel for other operations
- Settlements with debtors and creditors
- On-farm settlements
- Payments for taxes and fees
- Settlements with suppliers and contractors
- Settlements with buyers and customers
- Payroll
- Accounting for financial investments
- Documentation of fixed assets
- Receipt of fixed assets
- Depreciation of fixed assets
- Disposal of property, plant and equipment
- Repair of fixed assets
- Accounting for intangible assets
- Documentation of inventories
- Accounting for inventories
- Finished product evaluation
- Accounting for the shipment of finished products
- Sales Cost Accounting
- Operating income and expenses
- Non-operating income and expenses
- Deferred income and expenses
- Classification of expenses by ordinary activities
- Financial results
- Accounting for authorized (share) capital
- Accounting for reserve and additional capital
- Accounting for target financing
- Accounting for long-term and short-term loans
- Responsibility center: concept and types
- Costs: concept and classification
- Calculation: concept and types
- Calculation methods
- Closing an organization's cost accounting accounts
- Remuneration of labor: types, forms, accrual procedure
- Organization Personnel Records Documentation
- Documentation on accounting of working hours and settlements with personnel for remuneration
- The concept of accounting policy
- Disclosure and change in accounting policy
- Features of accounting in a small enterprise
- Simplified form of accounting and financial statements for small enterprises
- Accounting for income and expenses from business activities
- The procedure for creating a reserve for doubtful debts
- Accounting for reserves for future expenses
- Inventory: concept, types, reasons, frequency of carrying out
- Requirements and grounds for conducting an inventory
- The main documents used in the inventory check
- Analysis of inventory results
- Documentary revision: essence, types, tasks, features
- Forensic accounting expertise: concept, tasks, difference from documentary audit
- The essence and content of the audit
- Audit activity and its regulation
- Audit Methodology and Auditing Standards
66. Accounting for long-term and short-term loans
Credits are issued by banks for strictly defined purposes, for a specified period and with the condition of repayment.
Credit is divided into bank и commercial.
Bank loan - a cash loan provided by credit institutions (banks) for the production needs of the organization.
Distinguish the following types of bank loans:
one). short-term loan;
2). long-term loan;
3). bank loan under the discount of bills.
Short term loan is the main source of additional funds of the enterprise for temporary needs up to 1 year. These include loans against inventories, for temporary replenishment of working capital, for major repairs of fixed assets and other justified needs.
Long-term loan - source of additional funds received by the enterprise for more than 1 year; they are intended for capital investments associated with the development, modernization, rationalization of production, as well as with improving its organization and increasing its intensity.
Bank loan against bill discount.
Discount - the difference between the amount indicated in the promissory note and the amount of cash or their equivalents actually received when placing this promissory note.
commercial loan - civil law obligations providing for the deferral or installment payment for goods, works or services, as well as the provision of funds in the form of an advance payment or prepayment.
Interest charged for the use of a commercial loan (including amounts of advance payment, preliminary payment) is a payment for the use of funds.
Accounting for short-term and long-term credits and loans is carried out on passive accounts 66 "Settlements on short-term credits and loans", 67 "Settlements on long-term credits and loans".
Account 66 "Settlements on short-term loans and borrowings" is intended to summarize information on the status of short-term (for a period not exceeding 12 months) credits and loans received by the organization.
Account 67 "Settlements on long-term loans and borrowings" is intended to summarize information on the status of long-term (for a period of more than 12 months) loans and borrowings received by the organization.
The amounts received by the organization of short-term and long-term loans and borrowings are reflected in the entry:
Debit account 51 "Settlement accounts", etc.
Credit of account 66 "Calculations on short-term credits and loans", 67 "Calculations on long-term credits and loans".
Account 66 "Calculations on short-term credits and loans" or account 67 "Calculations on long-term credits and loans" are debited to the amounts of repaid credits and loans in correspondence with cash accounts. This is reflected in the accounting entry:
Debit account 66 "Calculations on short-term loans and borrowings" or account 67 "Calculations on long-term loans and borrowings"
Credit of account 51 "Settlement account", etc.
Analytical accounting short-term and long-term credits and loans are conducted by types of credits and loans, credit institutions and other lenders that provided them.
A separate sub-account to accounts 66 and 67 records settlements with credit institutions for accounting (discount) of promissory notes and other debt obligations with a maturity of not more than 12 months (more than 12 months).
Author: Kabkova E.N.
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