Accounting. Chronological and systematic records (most important)

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Accounting. Chronological and systematic records (most important)

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25. Chronological and systematic records

Record a business transaction - means to reflect in the accounting the fact of its commission. The performance of a business transaction is confirmed by the presence of documents that draw up it.

The sequence of the current accounting of business transactions:

▪ registration of business transactions based on documents according to the calendar order of their execution or receipt;

▪ posting business transactions - recording the same business transactions in accounting registers on the debit of one account and the credit of another account in a certain order.

When recording business transactions on accounts, they are grouped according to economically homogeneous features, that is, they are recorded according to a certain system.

Records of all transactions in current accounting are carried out in the following ways:

▪ chronological;

▪ systematic.

Differences in the economic content of the transaction are not taken into account.

Chronological record - reflection of business transactions, regardless of the content in the sequence of their completion in time and documentation. The entry is made in special books or journals, which are registration.

The chronological record does not provide data on individual accounting objects, since it does not produce the necessary grouping.

The chronological record does not show us the total amount of receipt of materials in general and by their individual types, the total amount of payments to suppliers in general and by individual creditors, etc.

Purpose of a historical record - control of the completeness and correctness of posting operations on accounts, i.e. control of systematic recording.

Systematic record called a systematized grouping according to the economic content on the accounts of accounting, necessary to obtain the required indicators on individual accounting objects. It is necessary to systematize all business transactions registered in chronological order.

An example of a chronological record of all transactions is Income and expense ledger, used by organizations and entrepreneurs using a simplified system of taxation, accounting and reporting, but the Book of Income and Expenses is intended for tax accounting and is not an accounting register.

Accounting registers, reflecting all business transactions only in chronological order, modern forms of accounting are not used. An example of a chronological register for individual accounting objects can be Cash bookwhere records of cash transactions are kept in chronological order.

Purchase Book and Sales Book take into account the cost of value added tax on acquired and sold material assets from payers of value added tax. Chronological registration of business transactions at enterprises is combined with systematic registration in accounting registers designed to reflect transactions on one account (journal-order No. 1 on the credit of account 50 "Cash"), on a group of accounts (journal-order No. 10 on the debit of production cost accounts) , for all accounts reflecting transactions (the journal is the main form of accounting). Operations are posted to the accounts in the order in which they were made and documented, which significantly reduces and simplifies the accounts. All operations are numbered.

Author: Kabkova E.N.

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