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Aircraft exhaust gases

16.12.2007

As found by Australian researchers from the University of New South Wales, the exhaust gases of aircraft engines can penetrate into the cabin of an airliner.

The fact is that in many aircraft, normal air pressure in the cabin is maintained by a blowing impeller, which rotates from the engine turbine shaft and compresses the rarefied air at high altitudes so that pilots and passengers can breathe. If the seals between the turbine and the pump are not tight, some of the gases generated during the operation of the turbojet engine may enter the cabin. This is especially dangerous for pilots who spend more time on flights than the most frequent flyer.

A survey of 250 pilots showed that 85% of them noticed an unpleasant smell in the cockpit, 57% felt bad because of it, and 8% were even forced to leave the service due to chronic poisoning.

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The formula for the happiest songs has been discovered 21.02.2023

The researchers found that these tracks have the usual structure, but spiced up with unpredictable elements.

Music is what makes us feel better when we are down. Scientists have long found out that funny songs can bring a smile back to our face even on the most cloudy day.

However, what makes these songs so fun? University of Sheffield music psychologist Dr Michael Bonshor has discovered the formula for the happiest songs in the world and believes that The Beach Boys' Good Vibrations is the best fit.

A music psychologist has found that inspirational tracks have a certain tempo and a regular structure - as a rule, their tempo is 137 beats per minute (bpm), and the structure is very trivial: verse-chorus. However, these tracks also have their own "zest" - for the most part they are seasoned with unpredictable elements. For example, a key configuration or an additional note. According to Bonchor, we probably like the seventh chords because they give the tracks some interest.

Regular chords are made up of three notes, while seventh chords use an extra note, which gives a sense of musical tension and relief. The music psychologist notes that the second place in the ranking of the happiest songs is occupied by James Brown's I Got You (I Feel Good), and the third is the song House of Fun by Madness.

Note that this study is commercial, Dr. Bonchor received an order to conduct this study, but this did not affect the results of the study. During his research, he also found that tracks are generally perceived as more joyful when they are played in a major key. Also, they tend to have a strong 1-2-1-2 rhythm, so we like to dance to them.

Funny songs in most cases start with a bang, and therefore they do not have a long build-up. People like the high volume of upbeat songs with bright and upbeat notes played on instruments like trumpets and electric guitars rather than softer instruments. However, the icing on the cake of fun songs is still a repetitive rhythm or guitar riff that can hurt people and literally "get stuck in the head."

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