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Display. Radio - for beginners

Radio - for beginners

During experiments, testing and adjustment of designs on digital microcircuits, it is often necessary to know how certain units and elements of the device work or interact in time. For example, it may be necessary to check how the BCD code is formed at the output of one or two pulse counters at the same time. In such cases, it is useful to have a kind of "display" - a simple device for visually displaying information about the logical state of an element, trigger, counter or other digital device.

A diagram of such a "display" is shown in Fig. one.

Display
Fig 1. Display

It combines four transistor probes with HL1-HL4 indicators in the collector circuits into a single design. With the help of probes connected to the input jacks XS1-XS4, the signals under investigation are fed to the bases of transistors VT1-VT4. The LEDs, when turned on, respond only to a high-level voltage based on the transistors related to them. When the input signal under test is low, the transistors are closed and the LEDs do not light.

The XS5 ("crocodile") clip, which is common to all four "display" probes, is connected to the common wire of the design being tested. Resistors R1-R4 limit the current flowing through the emitter p-n junction of the transistors, and R5-R8 - the collector current through the LEDs.

The instrument can be powered by a 3336 battery or three 332 cells connected in series. However, it can also be powered from a source that supplies the device being tested or being adjusted on K155 series microcircuits, but this is less desirable. With an autonomous power supply, such a "display" can also be used to test devices based on K176 series microcircuits, the load capacity of which is many times less than that of K155 series microcircuits.

The design of the "display" is arbitrary. It can be assembled in a flat box like a soap dish with LEDs and sockets on the front wall. Transistors can be replaced with one K1NT251 transistor assembly containing four low-power n-p-n transistors. When increasing the number of probes in the "display" to eight, two such transistor assemblies will be required.

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Thunderbolt Optical Cable 29.12.2012

Sumitomo Electric, in its own words, was the first in the world to receive Intel certification for optical Thunderbolt cables. These cables are now in commercial production and provide longer connection distances than copper Thunderbolt cables. It should be noted that the first samples of cables were ready at Sumitomo Electric in April this year.

The Thunderbolt optical cable is active. It connects two Thunderbolt devices within 30m between them. More specifically, it is available in three models, 10m, 20m, and 30m. For comparison, Copper Thunderbolt cables are 3m or less. the diameter of the two types of cables is the same - 4,2 mm. The optical cable from Sumitomo Electric turned out to be very flexible. It provides transfer rates up to 10 Gb / s in each of the two channels, even when tied with knots, the manufacturer claims.

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