20. MAKING THE LOGISTICS DECISION

Decision-making - this is the choice of the optimal option for a given goal, taking into account side conditions.

The task of making a logistic decision arises when, under a certain state of the external environment, the one that best contributes to the achievement of the goal of the enterprise's logistics system is selected from several options.

In accordance with this, the task of making logistics decisions consists of the following three components:

1) assessment of the state of the external environment;

2) setting logistical goals;

3) search for options.

Assessment of the state of the external environment takes into account the rate of change in the intensity of competition, the development of scientific and technical progress, consumer preferences, and also takes into account political factors that can influence the economic situation.

Logistics goals represent the expression of the desired end results or states of the logistics system that must be achieved or will arise as a result of decision-making by the logistics specialist.

The logistical goal is characterized by:

1) content - the value that should be influenced by the selected option. This value can be determined by a characteristic (for example, profit, turnover, total costs), a change in a characteristic (for example, an increase in turnover), the ratio of two characteristics (for example, profitability and profit (capital));

2) time period - the C period for which the goal must be achieved must be established.

Search options - identification, formulation and analysis of ways to achieve the goals of the logistics system.

Search process:

1) a systematic and multilateral search for individual ideas (instructions, approaches to solving a logistics problem);

2) combining individual ideas into independent options;

3) exact wording of the variants found;

4) analysis of the structure of options and relationships between particular options;

5) limitation of options in the admissible area (screening out options that cannot be implemented under existing conditions and environmental factors);

6) checking the completeness of the admissible area.

When preparing a logistics solution, possible options are identified, i.e., different ways to achieve the goals of the logistics system, methods for solving each logistics problem, the advantages and disadvantages of each of them, so that you can choose the best ones. Options should be justified, prepared in such a way that their advantages and disadvantages are visible. In particular, objective criteria must be developed for evaluating different solutions, by which these options can be compared and the best one chosen.

Set of basic options presented to the company's management. The options are formulated in such a way that they exclude each other. The management of the enterprise, being free from functional considerations and having a broader view of the totality of all environmental factors that are significant in this case, makes the final decision. All options that can be implemented constitute the range of acceptable values.

Acceptable range (solution space) is the set of feasible options currently available to the logistics expert.

Author: Shepeleva A.Yu.

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