Logistics. Types of cargo transportation (the most important)

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Logistics. Types of cargo transportation (the most important)

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46. TYPES OF TRANSPORTATION OF GOODS

There are various ways of cargo transportation, and each type of transport has different types of cargo messages, shipments and speeds of cargo transportation.

Rail transport.

Depending on the amount of cargo accepted under one consignment note, transportation is carried out by small, low-tonnage, carload, group and route shipments.

Small shipment a consignment of cargo with a mass of not more than 5 tons and a volume of not more than 1/3 of the capacity of a covered wagon is considered.

Low-tonnage shipment a consignment is considered to be a cargo of 10 to 20 tons with a volume of not more than half the capacity of the wagon.

For wagon shipment, a whole wagon is required.

Group sending - this is the amount of cargo for which more than one wagon is required, but less than the route. A route shipment is considered to be a consignment of cargo presented for transportation under one waybill, for which such a number of wagons is required that corresponds in weight to the norm of the train.

Automobile transport.

Freight road transport is distinguished according to the following rules:

1) on a territorial basis - urban, intra-district, intercity, international transportation;

2) method of implementation: local - by one motor transport enterprise; direct communication - by several motor transport organizations; mixed traffic - transportation by two or more modes of transport;

3) on an organizational basis - centralized and decentralized. With centralized transportation, motor transport enterprises act as organizers of the delivery of goods to the recipient and carry out this process themselves. With decentralized transportation, each consignee independently ensures the delivery of goods.

River transport:

1) types of communications: internal - within the boundaries of one river shipping company, direct - within two or more shipping companies, direct water - with the participation of shipping companies, mixed - with the participation of other modes of transport;

2) the size of the lot - ship, national team, small. A ship's consignment is a cargo of the same name, handed over under one waybill, as well as homogeneous goods, handed over under several waybills, following to one destination in an amount sufficient to fully load an individual ship. The consolidated consignment consists of cargo weighing more than 20 tons in an amount insufficient to load a whole vessel, or sufficient in mass, but addressed to different destinations, which makes it necessary to separate one cargo from another. A small consignment is considered to be presented for transportation under one consignment note in an amount not exceeding 20 tons;

3) depending on the urgency allocate deliveries with high speed and cargo speed.

Maritime transport.

The classification of maritime transportation provides for their division by type of transportation, navigation and communication:

1) according to the types of transportation, they are divided into dry cargo and liquid cargo;

2) depending on the type of navigation, sea transportation is divided into small, large cabotage and overseas navigation. Small coastal shipping is also understood as foreign navigation of ships within one or two adjacent sea basins without entering the territorial waters of other states. Large cabotage is the navigation of ships between ports of the same country located in different sea basins.

Author: Shepeleva A.Yu.

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