Logistics. Cargo classification (most important)

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Logistics. Cargo classification (most important)

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63. CLASSIFICATION OF CARGOS

Cargo means any item carried, including articles, pallets, containers or similar transport and packaging devices not provided by the carrier or freight forwarder.

Types of cargo:

1) bulk - transported without packaging. These include grain, seeds of all agricultural goods;

2) bulk - also transported without containers, these include coal, sand, gravel, stone. These two groups of goods are presented for transportation mainly in large lots, providing a full load of wagons, ships and cars;

3) bulk - liquid cargo, which is transported in bulk in a special rolling stock (cistern, fuel tankers);

4) forest - round wood, lumber, plywood and other wood products;

5) general (piece) cargo - transported packed in a wide variety of containers or without packaging. Depending on the packaging, there are:

▪ bag loads;

▪ bale;

▪ roll-and-barrel;

▪ box;

▪ container;

▪ batch.

Cargoes that do not require protection against mechanical damage are transported in bags, natural and artificial fibers and products from them are packed in bales and bales. Rolled-barrel cargo includes goods transported in barrels - bagels and rolls. Piece cargoes without containers include metal in ingots, ingots, etc.;

6) dangerous goods - goods officially classified as dangerous, as well as goods that are or may become dangerous, flammable, radioactive, poisonous or harmful in nature.

Classes of dangerous goods, during the transportation of which certain requirements of the instructions are observed:

1) combustible substances;

2) corrosive substances, combustible and destructive materials (acids and alkalis);

3) toxic substances;

4) radioactive substances;

5) compressed gases;

6) explosives;

7) solid flammable substances;

8) self-igniting substances;

9) oxidizers;

10) organic peroxides.

When transporting goods, the concept of a cargo unit is used.

Cargo unit - a certain amount of products that are loaded, transported, unloaded and stored as a single mass and which, with its parameters, integrates technological processes at various parts of the supply chain into a single whole.

Main types of cargo units:

1) primary - cargo in a transport container, for example, in boxes, barrels, bags. The primary loading unit goes through the supply chain, usually without rebuilding;

2) enlarged - a cargo package formed on a pallet from primary cargo units, i.e. cargo in a transport container. An enlarged cargo unit, formed, for example, from boxes of candy in a factory, at some stage in the process of product movement, may be dismantled when an order is picked at a wholesale enterprise. The base module is a rectangle with sides 600 x 400 mm.

There is a unified system of standardized sizes of transport packaging.

The principle of creating this system is that the pallet area is divided into a grid of multiple sizes that determine the dimensions of the transport container. A pallet measuring 1200 x 800 mm contains 4 basic modules, a pallet measuring 1200 x 1000 mm contains 5 basic modules.

Author: Shepeleva A.Yu.

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