Logistics. Packing of goods (most important)

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Logistics. Packing of goods (most important)

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64. PACKAGING

Cargo packaging - a large and complex area of work at the enterprise. The distribution costs, profits and other financial performance of the enterprise largely depend on the quality and speed of packaging, the timely return of containers to suppliers.

The number of types of packaging exceeds several thousand and cannot be counted.

Container classification:

1) consumer packaging (bags, boxes, bottles, cans) - when the goods are sold, they pass to the consumer. The cost of this container is included in the price of the goods;

2) industrial packaging - used for moving within the enterprise, between workshops and supplying raw materials, semi-finished products, spare parts, tools to workplaces;

3) transport container - an independent transport unit in which products are transported, stored in the process of moving them from the producer to the consumer. Such containers include most types of wooden, cardboard, metal boxes, barrels, drums, fabric, mesh, polyethylene bags, etc. The cost of shipping containers, as a rule, is partially included in the cost of goods.

Containers can be classified according to:

1) the material from which it is made - wooden, cardboard, polymer, soft, transparent;

2) resistance to mechanical stress - hard and soft;

3) structures - non-separable, collapsible, folding, collapsible-folding;

4) the purpose and weight of the packaged products, as well as the conditions of transportation - closed, open, dense, lattice;

5) the number of revolutions - single, returnable, multi-turn.

The packaging should ensure the preservation of the original quality and quantity of the product during its transportation and storage, the possibility of mechanizing loading and unloading operations, the efficient use of vehicles and storage facilities, the acceleration of the turnover of inventory, working capital, etc.

Use of certain types of packaging.

Wooden packaging - haberdashery, knitwear, fur products, as well as porcelain and glass products are packed in wooden containers.

Cardboard and paper containers - used for packaging plastic, haberdashery, knitwear, fur products, fabrics, piece textiles and garments, shoes (except rubber), hats, threads.

Paper bags - are used for packaging bulk and piece products.

Metal containers - used for the transportation and storage of petroleum products, products of the paint and varnish industry and other liquid products that do not affect steel and zinc.

Glass container - it is intended for packing of perfumery-cosmetic, chemical and other goods.

Textile packaging - used for packaging products in the form of bales, bales and rolls. In bales, bales and rolls, fabrics, carpets, carpets are packed. Soft fabric in the form of covers is used to pack furniture.

Plastic container - polymeric materials and containers made of them have a number of advantages over containers and packaging based on paper or wood. Polymeric materials are characterized by low specific gravity, high mechanical strength, low water and vapor permeability, are easily formed by various methods and thermally welded, and have a pleasant appearance.

Author: Shepeleva A.Yu.

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