Logistics. Conditions for transporting goods (most important)

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Logistics. Conditions for transporting goods (most important)

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54. TERMS OF CARGO TRANSPORTATION

In the process of transportation in many cargoes, under the influence of various factors, quantitative and qualitative changes occur, which must be taken into account when developing the conditions for transporting goods.

Depending on the physical and chemical properties of the cargo, a rolling stock is chosen for their transportation, the time of transportation is determined, and special mechanisms and devices are developed to facilitate loading and unloading.

Conditions for transporting certain types of cargo.

Paints and varnishes:

1) paints and varnishes can be loaded into various sealed containers: barrels, cans, bottles, flasks, cans;

2) large batches of paints and varnishes must be transported in rail and truck tanks;

3) it is necessary to have fire protection means;

4) on the package there should be an inscription: "Flammable", "Corrosive", "Poison".

Solid and gaseous fuels:

1) solid fuel is transported mainly by rail;

2) gaseous fuel is transported using the main gas pipeline;

3) gas is transported in cylinders that are designed for a pressure of 15-20 atm and are painted red for safety purposes.

Metal structures:

1) are transported by rail and road;

2) the main requirement during transportation is the prevention of metal damage.

To do this, the products must be bundled and placed correctly on the rolling stock. When loading and transporting wire, it must be wound into coils, rolls or onto spools. Small and valuable products must be packaged in soft containers;

3) the entire batch must have the same chemical composition.

Rubber products:

1) during transportation, it is necessary to prevent direct sunlight, excessively high temperature and humidity;

2) products must be packed with wrapping paper, placed in boxes or containers. Containers are transported in covered wagons. Compliance with these conditions preserves the elasticity of the product, its strength, dielectric properties and appearance. Timber is transported in large lots to one recipient. Mainly used by rail and water transport. Lumber is transported in covered wagons or open wagons for the purpose of safety. To prevent shifts in the process of moving, the lumber is additionally strengthened in the longitudinal and transverse directions. Mineral binders (cement, gypsum, etc.) are transported in bulk in covered wagons and specialized wagons - cement trucks, in multilayer bags, in containers, by road.

Oil products:

1) are shipped in large lots;

2) mainly pipeline transport is used, as well as rail, water and road transport;

3) transported by rail in tanks with a capacity of 60-120 m3, as well as in covered wagons - packed (barrels, bottles, etc.);

4) special heated tanks are used for transportation of binding oil products (bitumen, fuel oil), especially in winter. Oil depots must have heating devices for draining binder oil products.

Author: Shepeleva A.Yu.

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