Logistics. Planning the need for purchases of goods, raw materials and supplies (the most important)

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Logistics. Planning the need for purchases of goods, raw materials and supplies (the most important)

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14. PLANNING THE REQUIREMENTS FOR PROCUREMENT OF GOODS, RAW MATERIALS AND MATERIALS

Procurement planning for goods and materials determines the needs for raw materials, materials, products and services that are acquired by the specialists of the purchasing department of the enterprise.

Purchasing planning goals:

1) reducing the level of excess stock of products;

2) maintaining the required level of customer service;

3) Coordination of delivery schedule and production plan.

Parameters and factors taken into account when developing a product procurement plan:

1) the minimum lot of the order issued by the supplier;

2) discounts for changes in the volume of supplied products;

3) restrictions on time (shelf life) and volume of storage of raw materials, packaging and finished products in the warehouse of a manufacturing enterprise;

4) location of the supplier. If the supplier is foreign, it is inappropriate to carry out frequent deliveries of small batches of raw materials or packaging, as this significantly increases the level of logistics costs. At the same time, conditions can be negotiated with a local supplier under which the recipient will maintain a minimum level of stock of raw materials, materials or packaging;

5) supplier reliability. If the supplier is reliable, the manufacturing enterprise gets the opportunity to arrange delivery just in time;

6) range and nomenclature of materials and raw materials purchased from one supplier. It is advisable to deliver all products purchased from one supplier at the same time in order to avoid increasing transportation costs. This is especially true for foreign suppliers;

7) terms of delivery of raw materials and materials from the moment of order (the longer the delivery time, the greater the stock of this material should be at the enterprise). "Just in time" concept - a method consisting in the acquisition or manufacture of such a quantity of products that is necessary for the production of finished products with the required level of quality and within the time period established by the customer.

The concept provides:

1) exclusion of overspending of resources;

2) execution of orders on time in terms of quantity and quality;

3) exclusion of the causes of inefficient functioning, and not their consequences.

Components of a Material Requirements Planning System.

1. The schedule of the main production or trade process, which determines the amount of finished goods, broken down by time.

2. Data on the optimal norms of stocks of goods and materials.

3. Inventory data for each component, assembly and part (quantity available, expected receipts, and the number of used parts not yet written off).

4. Data on the main products that are purchased and all products that are produced by the enterprise itself.

5. Forecast of the need for materials in accordance with the schedule of the main production process.

6. Structured list of raw materials and materials.

7. Data on stocks, open orders and lead times to calculate lead times and order quantities for materials.

Basic principles of product requirements planning, raw materials and consumables:

1) coordination of needs for materials (components) and a plan for the production of finished products;

2) breakdown by time.

Author: Shepeleva A.Yu.

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