Logistics. Basic concepts of transportation and freight forwarding (most important)

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Logistics. Basic concepts of transportation and freight forwarding (most important)

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45. BASIC CONCEPTS OF TRANSPORTATION AND FORWARDING OF CARGO

Forwarder - an individual or legal entity that carries out activities for the transportation of goods both within the country and abroad on behalf of other individuals or legal entities or on its own behalf and performs all necessary auxiliary operations.

Forwarding services include:

1) services for the transportation, consolidation, storage, processing, packaging or distribution of goods;

2) auxiliary and consulting services related to the implementation of the above services, including customs and financial issues, declaration of goods for customs clearance purposes, provision of cargo insurance, collection of documents related to goods, provision of payment.

Carrier - a natural or legal person who actually performs the transport of goods with his own transport (actual carrier), or any person who assumes the same responsibility as the carrier, as a result of an express or implied obligation to assume this responsibility (contractual carrier).

transport enterprise - a legal entity that carries out professional activities as a carrier of goods on roads and has a license to perform transport operations.

International transportation - trip of a laden or unladen vehicle whose origin and destination are in two different countries. International transportation may be carried out in transit through one or more countries.

Transit - a trip through the territory of a country in which neither loading nor unloading of cargo is carried out.

Intermodal (direct mixed) transportation - transportation carried out by different modes of transport under one contract of carriage and one transportation document.

Signs of intermodal transportation:

1) one contract of carriage, regardless of the number of modes of transport and the number of transshipments;

2) a single document confirming the existence of such an agreement - the FIATA waybill;

3) one person who is liable under the contract - the multimodal transport operator;

4) a single through tariff.

Forwarding functions:

1) choice of carrier;

2) work with documentation on deliveries;

3) tracking deliveries;

4) audit and endorsement of payment of transportation tariffs;

5) evaluation of the carrier's activities;

6) analysis of transportation (estimation of the total cost of transportation, including loading and unloading; methods of packaging; transportation time; incidents of theft and other losses; development of methods to reduce overall transportation costs).

Typical mistakes and omissions of a freight forwarder when executing client's orders:

1) incorrect description of the cargo (as a result of which the cargo is transported, for example, not cooled to the required temperature);

2) incorrect or incomplete information about the intended destination (for example, the port of Halifax - in the UK or in Canada?);

3) an erroneous choice of route for this cargo (as a result of which it may become the subject of an embargo);

4) the choice of a carrier in a difficult financial situation;

5) incorrect or incomplete informing the carrier about the specifics of the transportation of dangerous goods;

6) cargo insurance without taking into account the instructions received from the client.

Author: Shepeleva A.Yu.

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