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Each 3D printer is unique in its own way.

24.10.2018

As the experiments of researchers from the University of Buffalo have shown, the same objects made on different 3D printers can be quite distinguished from each other.

The authors of the work proceeded from the fact that each 3D printer, like the same typewriter, reproduces some of its characteristic prints over and over again. Therefore, you just need to understand what kind of prints they are, and learn how to "read" them. A series of identical objects were printed on different printers (14 in total), after which detailed images of each of them were obtained using a scanner. Upon closer examination, it turned out that each printed object had characteristic geometric parameters and texture features. By translating the obtained data into a numerical form, it was possible to calculate the degree of difference between one object and another.

It turned out that the mechanical features that affect the movement of the nozzle, the flow of material, etc. are all rather unique parameters for a particular 3D printer. Based on the totality of such characteristics, it is possible to compare the printed object with a specific apparatus with high accuracy. The researchers also tried to test what is called the strength of their method by testing ways in which you can erase individual fingerprints or try to pass off one device for another. It turned out that whether it is a change in the workplace and printing parameters, or a six-month break in the operation of the printer, or physical damage to printed objects - all this has little effect on the accuracy of identification.

3D printing, like many other things, can be used not only for good, but also for harm. Someone prints weapons, someone forges various parts or makes other bad things. Naturally, forensic scientists would like to have some methods to distinguish one printer from another by their products.

Of course, it is too early to say that all 3D printers sold will be listed in special file cabinets, as is done, for example, with rifled weapons. However, those who attempt to use 3D printing for criminal purposes should be aware that the results of their actions will not remain anonymous.

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The benefits of sex for athletes 20.10.2016

Laura Stefani from the University of Florence (Italy) and her colleagues analyzed and summarized data from scientific publications on the impact of the sexual life of athletes on their performance. They came to the conclusion that the prejudice that sex before the start is harmful is nothing more than a ridiculous myth.

The notion that sexual intimacy before a competition negatively affects athletes has existed since ancient times. Back in the XNUMXst century AD. the ancient Roman physician and philosopher Areteus of Cappadocia wrote that male power can weaken, transforming into a seed. Even earlier, the Greek philosopher Plato condemned the Olympians who practiced intimacy on the eve of the competition.

Nowadays, such an opinion exists, for example, among football coaches, and fans of the film about Rocky remember his mentor's warnings that "women make legs weak."

Scientists have analyzed more than 500 different scientific publications relating to the relationship of sex with physical activity. Surprisingly, there are practically no works dealing with this problem in detail. Of the nine studies that have been published over the past 60 years, researchers have found that none address this question systematically.

The researchers concluded that sex the night before a competition may even have a positive effect on athletic performance.

"In general, there is an overall positive effect of sex the night before a competition on an athlete's performance, especially from a psychological point of view. Sex has a relaxing effect that can help reduce stress, increase endurance (important for marathon runners) or concentration (when shooting)" , the authors write.

However, the researchers caution that the available material is somewhat ad hoc and there is still no reliable data on the correlation between sex and fitness.

Scientists talk about the positive impact of sex at least ten hours before the start, provided that the athlete does not smoke or drink alcohol.

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