Table of contents (expand)
42. Name of chemical elements
Names of acids
Latin semi-systematic and trivial names of acids consist of the noun acidum, -i (n) - "acid" and the adjective of the 1st group agreed with it. The suffix -ic-um or -os-um is added to the basis of the name of the acid-forming element.
The suffix -ic- indicates the maximum degree of oxidation and corresponds in Russian adjectives to the suffixes -n-(aya), -ev-(aya) or -ov-(aya), for example: acidum sulfur-ic-um - ser-n-aya acid; acidum barbitur-ic-um - barbituric acid; acidum fol-ic-um - folic acid.
The suffix -os- indicates a low degree of oxidation and corresponds to the Russian adjective with the suffix -ist-(aya); for example: acidum sulfur-os-um - sulfuric acid; acidum nitr-os-um - nitrogen-ist acid.
Adjectives in the names of anoxic acids include the prefix hydro-, the basis of the name of the acid-forming element, and the suffix -ic-um.
In the Russian nomenclature of drugs, this corresponds to the adjective with endings -hydrogen (acid), for example: ac. hydro-brom-ic-um - hydrobromo-ic-hydrogen acid.
Names of oxides
The names of oxides consist of two words: the first is the name of the element (cation) in the genus. n. (inconsistent definition), the second - the group name of the oxide (anion) in them. pad. (inclined).
The segment -oxy- indicates the presence of oxygen, and the prefixes specify the structure of the compound: oxydum, -i (n) - oxide; peroxydum, -i (n) - peroxide; hydroxydum, -i (n) - hydroxide. The Russian name also uses the same word order as in the international (Latin).
Names of salts
The names of salts are formed from two nouns: the name of the cation, which comes first in the genus. etc., and the name of the anion, which is in second place in them. n. Some names of ethers are formed in the same way.
The names of anions are formed by adding the standard suffixes -as, -is, -idum to the roots of the Latin names of acids.
With the suffixes -as and -is they form the names of anions in salts of oxygen acids, and with the suffix -id-um - in salts of oxygen-free acids. The names of anions with suffixes -as, -is - nouns of the III declension m. (an exception to the gender rule), and the names of anions with the suffix -id-um are nouns of the second declension cf. R.
Names of anions
The names of anions of basic salts are formed with the prefix sub-, and the names of anions of acidic salts are formed with the prefix hydro-, for example: subgallas, -atis (m) - basic gallate; hydrocarbonas, -atis (f) - hydrocarbonate.
Author: Shtun A.I.
<< Back: The use of the accusative case when prescribing tablets and suppositories
>> Forward: Numerals and numeral prefixes
We recommend interesting articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets:
▪ General electronics and electrical engineering. Crib
▪ Organizational behavior. Crib
▪ Enterprise economy. Crib
See other articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets.
Read and write useful comments on this article.
<< Back
Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:
The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven
09.05.2024
Quantum mechanics continues to amaze us with its mysterious phenomena and unexpected discoveries. Recently, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lamy from the University of Amsterdam presented a new discovery that concerns quantum entanglement and its relation to entropy. Quantum entanglement plays an important role in modern quantum information science and technology. However, the complexity of its structure makes understanding and managing it challenging. Regulus and Lamy's discovery shows that quantum entanglement follows an entropy rule similar to that for classical systems. This discovery opens new perspectives in the field of quantum information science and technology, deepening our understanding of quantum entanglement and its connection to thermodynamics. The results of the study indicate the possibility of reversibility of entanglement transformations, which could greatly simplify their use in various quantum technologies. Opening a new rule ... >>
Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5
09.05.2024
Summer is a time for relaxation and travel, but often the heat can turn this time into an unbearable torment. Meet a new product from Sony - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-air conditioner, which promises to make summer more comfortable for its users. Sony has introduced a unique device - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-conditioner, which provides body cooling on hot days. With it, users can enjoy coolness anytime, anywhere by simply wearing it around their neck. This mini air conditioner is equipped with automatic adjustment of operating modes, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. Thanks to innovative technologies, Reon Pocket 5 adjusts its operation depending on the user's activity and environmental conditions. Users can easily adjust the temperature using a dedicated mobile app connected via Bluetooth. Additionally, specially designed T-shirts and shorts are available for convenience, to which a mini air conditioner can be attached. The device can oh ... >>
Energy from space for Starship
08.05.2024
Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>
| Random news from the Archive The risk of the American diet
24.07.2015
It is well known that many Americans do not consume the healthiest foods. For example, it has few plant fibers, but a lot of animal fats and proteins. One of the consequences is a high level of bowel cancer, 65 cases per 100 inhabitants. But where they eat rough, low-fat foods with a lot of fiber, for example, in rural areas of South Africa, the incidence rate is only 5 people per hundred (100) thousand.
Researchers from the University of Pittsburgh, led by Professor Stephen O'Keefe, together with colleagues from King's College London, conducted an experiment involving twenty black volunteers from the United States and South Africa. During the examination, every second American found polyps in the intestines, which may well develop into malignant tumors. Africans didn't have that. Then the participants in both groups changed their diet.
The result amazed the researchers: in the first, inflammatory processes began to decline, and biomarkers of the risk of developing cancer, which is determined by the composition of intestinal mucus, decreased sharply. The latter, on the contrary, grew sharply. And all this in just two weeks! By itself, the effect of changing the diet has long been known - for example, in Japanese who moved to live in Hawaii and became addicted to American food, in just one generation, a low incidence of bowel cancer changes to a high one.
"The rapid westernization of African lifestyles in response to these data is alarming," says Prof O'Keeffe. "On the other hand, the fact that a traditional African diet high in fiber reduces risk in just two weeks may be a good sign that never will." It's not too late to reverse the process."
The reason is considered to be a significant increase in the production of butyric acid and its derivatives by intestinal microbes during the assimilation of dietary fiber: these substances inhibit tumor cells and promote the development of normal epithelial cells.
Dietary fiber - cellulose, lignin, pectin and other polysaccharides that are not digestible, but good for health - this is what bran, dried apples, apricots and raisins, black bread, fried mushrooms and other plant products are rich in primarily.
|
Other interesting news:
▪ Servers based on new processors and chipsets at 533 MHz
▪ New type of high performance permanent magnets
▪ Superelastic alloy that maintains rigidity at high temperatures
▪ Cars in a convoy drive on autopilot
▪ Street lighting on request
News feed of science and technology, new electronics
Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:
▪ section of the website job descriptions. Article selection
▪ article Lor out of the hut. Popular expression
▪ article What is ammonia? Detailed answer
▪ article Pharmacist-analyst and pharmacist-technologist in quality control of medicines. Standard instruction on labor protection
▪ article The simplest programmer for microcontrollers. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
▪ article Self-made indicators. Chemical Experience
Leave your comment on this article:
All languages of this page
Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews
www.diagram.com.ua
2000-2024
Arabic
Bengali
Chinese
English
French
German
Hebrew
Hindi
Italian
Japanese
Korean
Malay
Polish
Portuguese
Spanish
Turkish
Ukrainian
Vietnamese