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45. Active participle
Active Present Participle
Unlike Russian, Latin has only one participle for each tense: the present participle of the active voice and the past participle of the passive voice. Most of the participles used in medical terminology act only as definitions for nouns. These are adjective participles, for example: dentes permanentes - permanent teeth, cysta congenita - congenital cyst, aqua destiilata - distilled water, etc.
Present participles of the active voice are formed from the stem of the present tense verb by adding the suffix -ns in I, II conjugations, and the suffix -ens in III, IV conjugations. In the genus p. units h. all participles end in -ntis (-nt-end of stem).
For example, the formation of participles:
Present participles of the active voice are declined according to the III declension, like adjectives of the 2nd group with one ending like recens, -ntis.
They have endings in Nom. pl. -es for m, f; -ia for n; in Gen. pl. - -ium for all three genders, for example: communicare - to connect.
Passive past participles
In Latin, as well as in Russian, such participles are verbal adjectives.
They are formed from the stem of the so-called supine (one of the main forms of the verb ending in -urn) by adding the generic endings -us, -a, um to it.
Forming the Past Participles of the Passive Voice
The basis of the supine is determined by discarding the ending -um from the form of the supine. The base of the supina usually ends in -t, -x, -s. In philological dictionaries, Latin verbs are given in four main forms: 1st person singular. h. vr.; 1st person singular h. perfect (perfect past tense); supine; infinitive, for example: misceo, mixi, mixtum, ere (II); solvo, solvi, solutum, ere (III).
Author: Shtun A.I.
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