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12. III declension of nouns
Third declension nouns were extremely rare, for example: os, corpus, caput, foramen, dens. This methodological approach was absolutely justified. III declension is the most difficult to master and has a number of features that distinguish it from other declensions.
1. The third declension includes nouns of all three genders ending in gender. p. units h on -is (a sign of the III declension).
2. In them. p. units h. words not only of different genders, but even of the same gender have different endings characteristic of a particular gender; for example, in the masculine gender -os, -or, -o, -eg, -ex, -es.
3. For most nouns, the third declension stems in them. n. and in the genus. items do not match.
With such nouns, the practical basis is not determined by them. n., but by genus. n. by dropping the ending -is.
1. If in the dictionary form of any noun before the ending genus. p. units h. -is the end of the stem is attributed, which means that the stem of such a word is determined by the genus. P.:
2. If in the dictionary form before the end of the genus. p. units h. -is there is no postscript, which means that such a word can also have a basis determined by them. p. units h., discarding the ending to them. p.: pubes, is the basis of pub-.
3. Nouns III declension depending on the coincidence or mismatch of the number of syllables in them. n. and genus. p. units hours are equally complex and non-equisyllabic, which is important for the exact definition of the genus in a number of cases. Equosyllabic Nom. pubes canalis rete Gen. pubis canalis retis. Uneven Nom. pes paries pars Gen. pedis parietis partis.
4. For monosyllabic nouns in the dictionary form in gender. n. the word is written in full: vas, vasis; os, ossis.
The genus is determined by the endings of them. p. units h., characteristic of a certain genus within a given declension. Therefore, in order to determine the gender of any noun of the III declension, 3 points must be taken into account:
1) to know that the given word refers specifically to the III declension, and not to any other;
2) know what endings are in them. p. units hours are characteristic of one or another kind of III declension;
3) in some cases, also take into account the nature of the stem of the given word.
Author: Shtun A.I.
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