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23. The meaning and place of term elements in the structure of a derived word
Term elements are mostly unambiguous, but some of them have two or more meanings.
So, for example, the term element onco- (Greek onkos - "heap, mass, volume, swelling") in some compound words has the meaning "volume, mass" (oncogramma - oncogram - a curve reflecting changes in volume; oncometria - oncometry - measurement of volume tissue or organ), in others - "tumor" (oncogenesis - oncogenesis - the process of occurrence and development of a tumor; oncologist - a doctor, a specialist in the treatment and prevention of tumors, etc.).
The final component -lysis (Greek "unleashing, decomposition, dissolution"; luo - "I untie, free") in some compound words means "decomposition, decay, dissolution" (autolysis, karyolysis, hemolysis, etc.), in others - "a surgical operation to release adhesions, adhesions" (cardiolysis, pneumo(no) lysis, etc.).
Usually, the place of the motivating single-root stem in the structure of words does not affect its meaning: whether it is megalo- or -megalia (increase), gnatho- or -gnathia (jaw), blepharo- or -blepharia (eyelid), the meaning of the term elements will remain unambiguous. Some terminological elements, like the above, can act both as the first and final ones. Others may occupy only one permanent place, for example as final ones (-cele, -clasia, -le-psia, -peaia), some may only be the first components (auto-, brady-, bary-, laparo-).
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1. It should be borne in mind that, depending both on the specific meaning of another component participating in the addition, and on the place it occupies in the compound word, some shades may arise that affect the general meaning of the motivated word. Thus, the cognate terminological elements haemo-, haemato- and -aemia have the general meaning of "pertaining to blood". At the same time, the final term element -aemia, which is preceded by the designation of a substance, indicates the blood as a medium in which substances are found, the presence and concentration of which in this medium are pathological (azotaemia, uraemia, bacteriaemia, etc.). If the term elements haemo- or haemato- are combined with the designation of an organ, then the general meaning of the compound word is the accumulation of blood in the cavity of the organ, hemorrhage (haematomyelia - hemorrhage into the substance of the spinal cord, haemarthrosis - accumulation of blood in the joint cavity).
2. For a logical understanding of the general meaning of a derived word, it is advisable to begin the semantic analysis of its constituent term elements with the final term element. For example, gastro/entero-logia: logia - “the science of...”: gastro- - “stomach”, entera- - “intestines”.
3. The general meaning of a motivated word is always somewhat more voluminous, fuller, deeper than a simple addition of the meanings of the motivating components: for example, gastrojejunoplastica (Greek gaster - "stomach" + Latin jejunum - "jejunum" + plastike - "formation, plasticity") - surgical replacement of the stomach with a segment of the jejunum.
Author: Shtun A.I.
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